German and English Nursery Rhymes

Essay about Keeping the Drinking Age at 21 - 1662 Words

When it comes to the subject of drinking and teenagers, what is the first thing that comes to mind? To me its the legal age limit of when teens should be able to drink. Having it lowered is controversial because according to prior experiences, data shows that younger age drinking is well known for its fatalities. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), on one of the most popular prom nights in 1999, as many as 62 percent of the traffic deaths were alcohol-related (). The most important question is whether or not the drinking age anywhere in the United States should be lowered, raised or if it should stay the same. Statistics prove that the legal drinking age should remain at the age of twenty-one in the United States.†¦show more content†¦The number killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes decreased 71% from the record high of 5,215 in 1982 to a record low 1,510 in 2008 (Drunk Driving Research) [(teenagers and alcohol)]. The drinking age is kind of an experiment around the world. In many places around Europe, people who are below the age of twenty-one are allowed to drink by law. Many teenagers around the US find this law biased, because teens arent given enough credit for how responsible they can be. In Northern Europe, people see alcohol as a culture issue. In many countries it is traditional to have a glass of wine or two during each meal. The drinking age in other countries vary but the normal legal age is between 16-18 years of age. A recent study that compared DUI laws in the United States to those in comparable nations, such as the European Union States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Brazil, found that the United States had the highest proportion of traffic fatalities that were alcohol-related among the 12 countries reporting data. It was reported that the Unit ed States had relatively lax enforcement in comparison to other countries (National Minimum Drinking Age-Choose Responsibility). The majority of teenagers in America think that drinking is not worth the consequences it causes. Girls are much moreShow MoreRelatedThe National Drinking Age Act926 Words   |  4 PagesAt the age of 18, every individual who is a legal citizen of the United States of America has the option to vote, marry the love of their life, enter law abiding contracts with banks, watch R rated movies without the presence of an adult, serve in every branch of the military, and buy tobacco products. These remain key choices given to those entering adulthood, but one choice not given to those who are legally considered adults is drinking. 30 years ago this July, the National Drinking Age Act passedRead MoreThe National Drinking Age Act933 Words   |  4 PagesAt the age of 18, any individual who is a legal citizen of the United States of America has the option to vo te, marry the love of their life, enter law abiding contracts with banks, see R rated movies without the presence of an adult, serve in any branch of the military, and buy tobacco products. These are important choices given to those entering adulthood, but one choice not given to those who are legally considered adults is drinking. 30 years ago this July, the National Drinking Age Act was passedRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Agre1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal age of adulthood in the United States for most purposes is 18. At the age of 18, a person enters the realm of adulthood and is assigned the rights and responsibilities associated with this legal status. For example, an 18 year old can legally sign a contract and is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. An 18 year old can marry without parental consent, serve on a jury, and vote in state and federal elections. An 18 year old who is charged with a crime is not tried in theRead MoreIntroduction. Alcohol The Debate Of The Ages, Between The1730 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Alcohol the debate of the ages, between the young and the old, researchers, people, alcohol companies, and parents. Within this topic, always comes the concern of when is it appropriate for people to legally drink alcohol. Currently, in the United States the minimum legal drinking age (MDLA) is the age 21. There are many reasons and sciences behind why the U.S. choose the age of 21. On July 17, 1984 the president signed an act called National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA). This mandated allRead MoreEssay about Drinking Age Controversy1076 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking Age Controversy In the United States, a citizen is considered an â€Å"adult† at the age of 18, and with that new title comes many responsibilities, such as the right to vote and to join the army. However, the legal drinking age in America is twenty-one. This issue has been a major controversy for some time now that faces both national and state governments. Should the drinking age be lowered to the age when legally a person becomes an adult and assumes all other adult responsibilities,Read MoreLower the Drinking Age Essay examples1430 Words   |  6 PagesLowering the drinking age to 18 would help prevent the crime and personal injuries that are caused by alcohol abuse. Although many states are trying to get the drinking age lowered, there are many groups and national statistics that are keeping the drinking set at 21. For example, â€Å"The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says laws setting the drinking age at 21 have cut traffic fatalities involving drivers by 13 percent† (Keen). They are hoping that by keeping the age set at 21, people areRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Should Be Lowered929 Words   |  4 PagesAn argument that many tend to dispute today, whether the drinking age of the United States should be lowered from 21 to 18. The drinking age for people to drink alcoholic beverages was made into law by the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. This ant enforced all states to raise their legal drinking age to 21. To get this law pass, the congress tried to strongarm the states, if the states did not comply, the government would take away their highway funds. Both arguments for it to be lowered and toRead M oreEssay about Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Legal Drinking Age College life is filled with changes. It is filled with many new experiences. As college students, we are on our own, adults. As adults we are responsible for keeping up to date on information that affects us. One issue that affects college students nation wide is drinking. The current legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one years of age. The Federal government raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in 1984. Even with the current drinking age at twenty-oneRead MoreKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pageslegal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping the minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The government should maintain the minimum legal drinking ageRead MoreThe Effects Of Lowering The Drinking Age1426 Words   |  6 Pages underage drinking is perhaps one of the most controversial topics of our generation. Why do our young people disobey this law? Are they lost? Who will answer the call of the lost? Having the age to drink legally at the age of 21 may seem like it would never be disobeyed; however, over time, underage drinking has become more and more prevalent. In today’s society, a few choice young people have grown to control the desire to break the law to consume alcohol while at the appropriate age. However,

The Purpose and Function of University Education Free Essays

Purposes and functions of university education: My own reflection With the six year hard works in my secondary studies, finally I get into university. I am relieved that there is no more past paper and public examination on one hand but I find that I am lost on the other hand. As a freshman, the experience in first month of university life is out of my expectation: I am totally free! There are so many spare times and so few coursework to do. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose and Function of University Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now No more control from the class teachers. No more annoying reminders from my parents. All I have got is the time to play, play and play (and a little time for lessons, of course). When September has come to an end and October comes as an old friend, I start to wonder: Should my university life go like this? It seems that I am getting lost in a big forest, losing my way, since I do not have a goal. When I was studying in secondary school, there was one goal waiting for me to achieve – getting into university. Now, I have attained it. Then, what’s next? â€Å"University is not equal to vocational training institute. My class teacher has once told me. Now it appears in my mind suddenly. In theory, what you have chosen to study is highly likely to be your career after you graduate. Taking the BBA students as an example, which is the commonest, they are likely to participate in jobs related to finance when they finish their tertiary studies, and it is undeniable in practice. But would the same happen to students of arts like me? If I am going to take crimino logy as my major in year 2, what is my job going to be in the future? A policewoman? The future female Sherlock Holmes? If university is a place where you are going to decide your future career by your major, does it sound sensible that students major in English should be an English teacher? Definitely not, since there are many possibilities even you are majoring in English. Even though you are practicing a specific skill in university, it does not mean that you should give up the opportunity to discover new things. The theory I have just mentioned above is true, however, not absolutely true, especially to the arts students. Since there are many possibilities in the university life, I know that I will be given different chances to try out different things, which is new to me, and it will enable me to discover myself, know more about myself. I am convinced that this is the function of university education – providing a space for learning, discovering, and experiencing. Throughout these three processes, the main purpose of university education – rising up students who are able to think independently and work as a team or individually, can be fulfilled. Apparently, how to have a good job is the last thing for me to consider right now. At this moment, my goal is try to become an active learner, who can ask questions with confidence, get involved in the classes and clubs, and eventually become self-independent and self- initiative, which is a vital characteristic I believe that it is more important than getting a high GPA. â€Å"Learn how to learn†, this is the reason why I am here, studying in university. How to cite The Purpose and Function of University Education, Papers

Wilkinson Hardware Stores Ethical Consumerism

Question: Give a brief discussion ethical consumerism? Answer: Introduction: The particular study deals with the ethical consumerism revenue for a company. In this study, researcher explains about the Wilkinson Hardware business (ECKERD and BENDOLY, 2011). The study explains about the ethical consumerism and company evaluation about the exacting topic (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). In this, what type of problem organization is facing in ethical consumerism? Wilkinson Hardware supplies are the most successful people own retail in the UK. With a self-opinionated account extend over more than 80 years, Wilkinson presently enclose a store series of more than 320 outlet across the UK marketing more than 25,000 different product to over 200 million customers each year (Alkhateeb and Lawrentschuk, 2011). The organization has a striking business strategy, but with exclusive business growth come dispute (BACHRACH and BENDOLY, 2011). Wilkinson value the reunion developed computer method that had give out the organization well, were no longer sufficient to delay the companys scene development policy in one of the most dynamic, fast changing and competitive industry (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). The product variety which Wilko planned on is household essentials, cleaning goods, home ware stuff, immobile, confectionery etc. Wilkinson drastically wants to modernize its IT communications and system to delay its switch to vision. The new system had to be configured in five weeks, and particularly made on site in an extra two weeks (Ali and Wisniesk, 2010). Ethical Consumerism: Ethical Consumerism explains that account of customers wanted to purchase goods that are ethically provide, ethically equipped and ethically detached. An ethical consumer is a vital individual who buy things that are produced ethically (KETCHEN Jr. and HULT, 2011). In an increasing quantity of cases, this distended consciousness and information is disconcerting customer view may be the dissimilarity among significant person who retail an exacting goods or services or not (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). The success of the ethical consumer involvement can be seen other significantly these days in many supermarket, and in Ireland (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). For example, many stores, as well as international retailers encompass a wide selection of fair deals, organic and free selection product on their step and are distrustful to promise complete classification of all products to inform apparent customer of conformity with valid ethical values, therefore co ntrol decision-making and give self-confidence to outflow (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Additionally, in many manufacturing countries there is a huge range of small ethical and reasonable deals shops and summarize retail site oppose to the increasing numbers of consumers who are concerned about issues such as environment, fair work principles and individual health (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). The global marketplace is also giving a significant in this ethical consumerism (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). There is no quarrel about buying choice that and for that there cannot be any suggestion of any moral selection (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). As the buying power of a purchaser does not depend on the unfortunate moral of environment as there is no buying power (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Purchaser buys their goods which depend on their aspiration, it might depend on their religious principle and personal optio n and persons cannot be made any detachment with as it might cause damage on the principles of the purchaser. It has been seen that lots of organizations has spoil themselves in unlike kind of ethical outlay (Kudla and Stlzle, 2011). Organizations are striking on their ethical reserves and this mark gives them a position in the marketplace on the base of ethical reserves and according to those symbols they are award across the complete international marketplace (Magnavita and Bergamaschi, 2009). When a production is recently implement then they must look into positive matter so that they do not drop into unethical trade which will give a downbeat collision of their business and this will not at all generate a good answer for their trade in the marketplace (PAGELL and KRISTAL, 2011). Company Reviews: In 2015, ethical consumer study Wilko Retail limiteds site, for the company supply chain management policy. The consistency was decided to all traders and sum up Wilkos view (Rauer and Kaufmann, 2014). The editorial confirmed It is our law simply to use publicly and ethically responsible vendor (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). We expect our vendor to watch the organization execute of their supply chain for our manufactured goods (RICCIARDELLI, 2011). Own-label, direct-import and similar explanation trading partners determine to vital and recommend full visibility of their supply chain and development all through our seller judgment Programmer (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015)." Supply chain strategy, under section 5 of the item it established that all urbanized site must be appraisal by Wilkinson (SIEMSEN, 2011). The appraisal had been base on the Ethical buy and sell suggestion base scheme (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). The provisions wer e designed although no detail was accessible accordingly Wilko's was careful to have a deprived supply chain strategy (Thompson and Coskuner-Balli, 2007). Auditing and revelation, the article affirmed that appraisal cost USD $500+fixed cost which Wilko's expected the seller to reward (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). It established that when audit decked shortage in the form of insubordination dealer would be essential to make expansion all through Corrective Action Plan (CAP) (Tachizawa and Wong, 2015). The article established that an audit must not be extra than 1 year old at the time of the initial discharge, while there were no additional information for the place to be audit after the first liberate (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). Wilkos was calculated to have a poor policy on audit and experience owing to the aspect it was unclear who the audit useful too and whether they included some subsequent tier industrial unit, there was no clear auditing plan, the company whole dealer repay for audits, and there was no exposure of audit penalty (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). In 2015, Ethical Consumer study Wilko Retails sites and set up that the firm advertise a range of bedclothes and pillow which proscribed cotton (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). No cotton cause plan might be found. It was also said to have since an environment tragedy of amazing range as a result of its impact on the Aral Sea, account to be 15% of its preceding amount (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). In 2014 it was details that many children had not been requisite to occupy in the cotton ground in Uzbekistan all through the acquiesce, alternatively EJF established that child labor was still a main issues in other cotton fabricate country, for case India, Mali Eygpt (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Owed high amount of cotton on the British market credible to come from Uzbekistan and the incidence of child labor in cotton produce the industry lost partially a spot under worker rights grouping (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Approximate ly half of these were calculated poisonous which is enough to be classified as hazardous by the World Health Organization (Khodayar Yeganeh and Yokhaneh Alghyani, 2015). Due to the impact of the established use of insect killer in cotton manufacture international it also lost half a stain in the contamination and toxics alliance (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). In this organization, they consider a lot in green retail promotion and for that they have to preserve all the ethical policy and plan (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). They have keep confidence on their consumers forever as for the consumer the brand image of company stuff a lot (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). The supply chain management of this company pursues a management strategy and for that they have specified an accord to all their provisions which distress all the system and strategy of Wilko. Wilko has previously mention in the accord that all their dealer and wholesaler will as well be morally and publicly be accountable if something for all connected with the organization and beside with that they have too mention that they needs their seller to manage all the substance (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Opinion Surveys: In this division, it will be seen that how the customers along with the dealer and manufacturer are selling with the ethical consumerism and for that weather they are subsequent all the system and policy which has been apply by the administration of the particular country and along with that all the association has also determined certain accord which they have agreed to their dealer and seller so that nobody can take wrong decision, which will ruin the status and picture of the company in the marketplace (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). None of the organization requires that they create a wrong picture concerning their working procedure and also regarding their brand image which will debase about their picture in front of the consumers (Youde, 2009). The supply chain management of this company pursues a management strategy and for that they have specified an accord to all their provisions which distress all the system and strategy of Wilko. Wilko has previously mention in the accord that all their dealer and wholesaler will as well be morally and publicly be accountable if something for all connected with the organization and beside with that they have to mention that they needs their seller to manage all the substance (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). As it is recognized that particularly now each and every one is cognizant about the ethical industry which the organizations are pursue as if the organizations does not pursue the ethical strategy then no consumers will purchase goods from that company and this is not at all satisfactory by companies and for that they forever endeavor to sustain and follow the ethics which will help out in maintain the positive picture in the marketplace and as well in front of the consumers (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). When the consumers go for purchasing any goods they go a thorough study about the company earlier than buying the goods and following they are pleased with the picture of the comp any in the marketplace and along with that the consumers also go for judgment with their opponent and after doing the total study when the consumers are fulfilled then they purchase the goods from the corporation with whom they are please with (van Veen Dirks and Verdaasdonk, 2009). Conclusion: While concluding it, all the organization and companies are annoying to pursue the ethics and morals as ethical consumerism is one of the most vital issue which are observing every organization on their foot. Organizations are disappearing for development of both nationwide and superficially and for that they require following the ethics which will create them renowned in the marketplace, for their ethics and this will generate a score for the company in the marketplace Wilko pursue the ethics and for that they are one of the well recognized company in conditions of pursuing all the ethics and this is serving them in maintain their picture in the marketplace. Organizations are striking on their ethical reserves and this mark gives them a position in the marketplace on the base of ethical reserves and according to those symbols they are award across the complete international marketplace. Recommendation: Organizations have to make this kind of accord which will be follow by all the workers along with the dealer and seller and for that the association has to employ people who will observe that the strategy are been follow or not and if not then convinced actions will be taken. Wilko has ask the seller to observe but beside that Wilko also have to employ other populace also a range of department who will also observe that the strategy are being follow or not. References Ali, A. and Wisniesk, J. (2010). Consumerism and ethical attitudes: an empirical study.International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3(1), pp.36-46. Alkhateeb, S. and Lawrentschuk, N. (2011). Consumerism and its impact on robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.BJU International, 108(11), pp.1874-1878. BACHRACH, D. and BENDOLY, E. (2011). RIGOR IN BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTS: A BASIC PRIMER FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT RESEARCHERS.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(3), pp.5-8. ECKERD, S. and BENDOLY, E. (2011). INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCUSSION FORUM ON USING EXPERIMENTS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(3), pp.3-4. KETCHEN Jr., D. and HULT, G. (2011). BUILDING THEORY ABOUT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: SOME TOOLS FROM THE ORGANIZATIONAL SCIENCES.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(2), pp.12-18. Khodayar Yeganeh, S. and Yokhaneh Alghyani, M. (2015). The role of supply chain management on improvement of financial reports.10.5267/j.uscm, 3(1), pp.21-26. Kudla, N. and Stlzle, W. (2011). Sustainability Supply Chain Management Research.Die Unternehmung, pp.263-301. Magnavita, N. and Bergamaschi, A. (2009). Ethical problems in radiology: radiological consumerism.La radiologia medica, 114(7), pp.1173-1181. PAGELL, M. and KRISTAL, M. (2011). IS THE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FILE DRAWER EMPTY?.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(4), pp.3-10. Rauer, J. and Kaufmann, L. (2014). Mitigating External Barriers to Implementing Green Supply Chain Management: A Grounded Theory Investigation of Green-Tech Companies' Rare Earth Metals Supply Chains.J Supply Chain Manag, 51(2), pp.65-88. RICCIARDELLI, R. (2011). Masculinity, Consumerism, and Appearance: A Look at Men's Hair.Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 48(2), pp.181-201. SIEMSEN, E. (2011). THE USEFULNESS OF BEHAVIORAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(3), pp.17-18. Tachizawa, E. and Wong, C. (2015). The Performance of Green Supply Chain Management Governance Mechanisms: A Supply Network and Complexity Perspective.J Supply Chain Manag, 51(3), pp.18-32. Thompson, C. and Coskuner-Balli, G. (2007). Enchanting Ethical Consumerism: The case of Community Supported Agriculture.Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(3), pp.275-303. van Veen Dirks, P. and Verdaasdonk, P. (2009). The dynamic relation between management control and governance structure in a supply chain context.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 14(6), pp.466-478. Youde, J. (2009). Ethical Consumerism or Reified Neoliberalism? Product (RED) and Private Funding for Public Goods.New Political Science, 31(2), pp.201-220.

Manuscript Review Essay Example

Manuscript Review Paper Essay on Manuscript Why I love the first book about the boy wizard with a scar in the form of lightning and an exaggerated sense of responsibility to the world No, dear, not for the plot it is just terrible or worse morality. No. I love the texture of the book of the world. Heroes fly Nimbus 2000 eating colorful candy Bertie Botts and cheer for Tornados You know what I mean No, Manuscript no invented mythology -.? But here it is not necessary artfully scattered here referring to modern culture. And Burberry scarf to cover the clearest proof. We are what we wear, we are what we smoke, we are where we eat, we are what we drive. Brands R Us. We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The plot is banal to scrap in the teeth. Boy zadrot in the first day of the course meets a beautiful girl and falls in love head over heels. At first, she even did not want to notice, as well as the story of their relationship is becoming more and more ambiguous. Under the seeming simplicity of the plot and ease of perception disappears unexpectedly deep analysis of the obvious things, like unrequited love, friendship, human stupidity, jealousy The manuscript -. it is the search for alternative answers to the questions, the answers to which were nezyblimymi postulates of modern society. This interval is five years in length on the Road to Schastyu.Etakaya fashion parable. Illegitimate daughter of Vivienne Westwood by Paulo Coelho. Fresh drink, the worlds stale air, and books as a blueprint about glamor, selling love and other dolce-vita Of particular interest is a form of storytelling -. It is conducted alternately, then the boy, then from the girl who and act as the main heroes of the novel, and the book aftobiograficheskaya basis. This is certainly not the case when the author tries to recreate autentinchnost event but rather from the category:. Is based on real events » Book of the boys debut, still can from this read so easily not overloaded with unnecessary load literary cliche. Manuscript Review Essay Example Manuscript Review Paper Essay on Manuscript Write a review must be all the same a little later not once but otherwise leaves some confusion and a general lack of understanding. I will try again. Put the book on the table and threw her pile of junk, I at the same time and paid off over time, their first clear and distinct idea of ​​the manuscript I erased the first impression I erased my attitude to this book. I did it on purpose, in order to check out an interesting fact. And whether there will be after it any aftertaste or brain swallowed it all and spit in the same second Here already is a delicate matter a good book, like wine, over time, the impression it only improved, amplified and, if possible so to speak, is deepening. That is the book somehow gets out of your mind, that you took it for the first time in the subconscious, where the already forming in my mind refined understanding of the value of the product. So what happened here? I can say one thing finish there but it is not clear what. The impression that the book is no longer remembered its content, ideas or thoughts, and the cover (not in the literal sense of the word). Bright, mixed, with the claim, purposefully, fashion thats what comes to mind today. These incoherent words describe my state better than any whatsoever compound sentences. Trying to figure out why these feelings caused the book, you realize that theres all about the debut. Nothing complicated I began to disassemble and analyze the literary qualities of writers, I did not try to understand them through the book I just read the first book by these authors. And it became clear where there was a claim where there is focus, why is so bright and so on. Criticize or blame the writers for the collection of these qualities of the book is not worth it. After all, to win your reader is very difficult and everyone is doing it completely different ways, someone uses shocki ng, someone writes a stunningly beautiful language about anything, and someone terrible, but about something, and there are those who write just about the problems of the modern world, trying to hook the reader near the theme. We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is the path chosen these writers? I think it will be seen in their following works. Manuscript Review Essay Example Manuscript Review Paper Essay on Manuscript Manuscript a book that gave me joy to go through several hours of enjoyable reading. Going to the presentation, I did not expect this from a book. I do not like the models, I thought that she was in this book, because the book with the help of the podium earns a lot, especially after rolling Ugly Betty on the national channel. But no, I was wrong. After reading the first couple of pages, I was ready to applaud the author. Can frustrate fans of Oksana, she got rid of the role of the classical model, running on. minus a cover of If I had not read this book is for me to Constantine was the most like pale grebe, a writer whom I saw. But, as you know, everything went well. We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Manuscript Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I have not read the melodrama so forgotten as they can get experience. This clipping from the world Di rather than keep us in a daze the whole book, and gives us the opportunity to experience. This book is a brave and mature man, who was able to say I love you And I do not care what it takes to kill all of these critters . By the end of the book I do not understand where you want to be upset and where to enjoy, I just read, what will happen next. in this book, there are some scenes that give you the feeling of love, beauty and simple human happiness, as well as where and when people are in need of material values ​​( do not forget to models). And it is very difficult to pass. At some points the author simply surprised. Indeed, very nice! The script in the book is not quite weak, but there are better. By itself, the book is easy, but there are better. But I can not say that the book is worthless or not interesting. I really liked the book.

Antebellum Homes - Architecture of Time and Place

Antebellum Homes - Architecture of Time and Place Antebellum homes refer to the large, elegant mansions - usually plantation homes - built in the American South during the 30 years or so before the American Civil War (1861-1865). Antebellum means before war in Latin. Antebellum is not a particular house style or architecture. Rather, it is a time and place in history - a period in American history that triggers great emotions even today. Antebellum Time and Place The features we associate with antebellum architecture were introduced to the American South by Anglo-Americans, outliers who moved into the area after the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and during a wave of immigration from Europe. Southern architecture had been characterized by whoever lived on the land - the Spanish, the French, Creole, Native Americans - but this new wave of entrepreneurs began to dominate not only the economy, but also the architecture in the first half of the 19th century. Great numbers of Europeans seeking economic opportunities emigrated to America after Napoleans defeat and the end of the War of 1812. These immigrants became the merchants and planters of goods to trade, including tobacco, cotton, sugar, and indigo.  The great plantations of Americas south flourished, largely on the back of a slave labor force. Antebellum architecture is so intertwined with the memory of American slavery that many people believe these buildings are not worth preserving or, even, should be destroyed. Stanton Hall, for example, was built in 1859 by  Frederick Stanton, born in  County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Stanton settled in  Natchez, Mississippi to become a wealthy cotton merchant. The plantation homes of the south, like Stanton Hall built before Americas Civil War, expressed wealth and the grand revival architectural styles of the day. Typical Characteristics of Antebellum Houses Most antebellum homes are in the Greek Revival or Classical Revival, and sometimes French Colonial and Federal style - grand, symmetrical, and boxy, with center entrances in the front and rear, balconies, and columns or pillars. This opulent style of architecture was popular throughout the U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. Architectural details include hipped or gabled roof; symmetrical faà §ade; evenly-spaced windows; Greek-type pillars and columns; elaborate friezes; balconies and covered porches; central entryway with a grand staircase; formal ballroom; and often a cupola. Examples of Antebellum Architecture The term antebellum stirs thoughts of Tara, the palatial plantation home featured in in the book and movie Gone with the Wind. From grand, pillared Greek Revival mansions to stately Federal style estates, Americas antebellum-era architecture reflects the power and idealism of wealthy landowners in the American South, prior to the Civil War. Plantation homes continue to rival Gilded Age mansions as Americas grand estates. A few examples of antebellum homes include Oak Alley Plantation in Vacherie, Louisiana; Belle Meade Plantation in Nashville, Tennessee; Long Branch Estate in Millwood, Virginia; and Longwood estate in Natchez, Mississippi. Much has been written and photographed of the homes of this time period. This architecture of time and place has served its original purpose, and the question now for these buildings is, Whats next? Many of these homes were ruined during the Civil War - and later by Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast. After the Civil War, private schools often consumed the properties. Today, many are tourist destinations and some have become part of the hospitality industry. The question of preservation is ever-present for this type of architecture. But, should this part of Americas past be saved? Boone Hall Plantation near Charleston, South Carolina, was an established plantation even before the American Revolution - in the 1600s, the Boone family became original settlers of the South Carolina colony. Today the buildings on the grounds of this tourist destination have been largely rebuilt, with an attitude of integration of the lives of all, including a slave history presentation and a Black History in America exhibit. In addition to being a working farm, Boone Hall Plantation exposes the public to a time and place in American history. After Katrina: Lost Architecture in Mississippi New Orleans was not the only area damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The storm may have made landfall in Louisiana, but its path ripped straight through the length of the state of Mississippi. Millions of trees were uprooted, snapped or severely damaged, reported the National Weather Service from Jackson. It was the fallen trees that caused just about all of the structural damage and downed power lines across this region. Hundreds of trees fell onto homes causing minor to major damage. Its impossible to calculate the full extent of Hurricane Katrinas damages. In addition to the loss of lives, homes, and jobs, towns along Americas Gulf Coast lost some of their most valuable cultural resources. As residents began to clean up the rubble, historians and museum curators began to catalog the destruction. One example is Beauvoir, a raised cottage built shortly before the Civil War in 1851. It became the final home for Confederate leader Jefferson Davis. The porch and columns were destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, but the Presidential archives remained safe on the second floor. Other buildings in Mississippi were not so lucky, including these destroyed by the hurricane: The  Robinson-Maloney-Dantzler HouseBuilt in Biloxi c. 1849 by English immigrant J.G. Robinson, a wealthy cotton planter, this elegant, columned home had just been refurbished and was about to open as a Mardi Gras Museum. The Tullis Toledano ManorConstructed in 1856 by cotton broker Christoval Sebastian Toledano, the Biloxi mansion was a stately Greek Revival home with massive brick columns. Grass LawnAlso known as Milner House, this 1836 Antebellum mansion in Gulfport, Mississippi was the summer home of  Dr. Hiram Alexander Roberts, a medical doctor and sugar planter. The home was destroyed in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina, but in 2012 a replica was built on the same footprint. The controversial project is reported well by Jay Pridmore in Rebuilding a Historic Mississippi Plantation. Preservation of National Historic Sites Saving great architecture played second fiddle to saving lives and public safety concerns during and after Hurricane Katrina. Cleanup efforts began immediately and often without adhering to the National Historic Preservation Act.  So much damage was done by Katrina that there was a great need to clean up the debris, but little time to enter into the proper consultation required by the National Historic Preservation Act,† said Ken P’Pool of the Historic Preservation Division, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. A similar circumstance happened in New York City after the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01, when clean-up and rebuilding was mandated to work within what had become a national historic site. In 2015, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) completed a database of properties and archaeological sites, reviewed thousands of recovery projects and grant applications, and erected cast aluminum historic markers commemorating 29 of the hundreds of lost properties. Sources The Story of Stanton Hall, stantonhall.com/stanton-hall.php [accessed July 21, 2016]A Look Back at Hurricane Katrina, National Weather Service Jackson, MS Weather Forecast OfficeNational Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet, NPS Form 10-900-a Prepared by William M. Gatlin, Architectural Historian, August 2008 (PDF)FEMA Helps Mississippi Preserve Important Architectural Properties, DR-1604-MS NR 757, August 19, 2015 [accessed August 23, 2015]

Sign language performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sign language performance - Essay Example While conversing, I came to know that one of these ladies was a speech pathologist and therefore I let her know that I am studying this field also. Both of them were also very excited about the show like me. Upon getting inside, we eventually got seated while the deaf- blind actors were making dough on the stage and sometimes assistants provided directions to them in finding their spots but most of the time they used their sense of touch to detect the edges of the table. As the show began all lights were shut down and a background male voice started speaking in Hebrew. A translation screen was provided along with ASL interpreter. The actor started introducing himself and his fellows. He spoke for few dumb actors. Since they were lined up behind the cooking table, the mode utilized for transferring information was by tapping on the next person’s shoulder and used sign language by holding each others hand so they each of them know what they are signing. The piece of information was then transferred to the speak-able actor with finger spelling by tapping different part of the finger, and then the message was conveyed by the speak-able actor to the audience. One of the actor said he wants to run without help. Another actor said he wants to sing. The started by making bread and putting it in an onstage huge oven. Then while waiting for the bread to be ready, the actors and actresses presented different stories about their daily life, about how the y became deaf and mute, about how they feel about the world and how they perceive the world feels about them. I wish I could read their sign language right away during the show because I didn’t want to move my eyes to the translation screen instead of focusing on all the performance as it was inducing frustration. I was worried that I have missed the important part of their â€Å"speech†. By the end of the show, everyone sung a beautiful song using sign language and then actors invited audience to

Sadi Carnot & Heat Engine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sadi Carnot & Heat Engine - Research Paper Example Any device that converts heat into work by means of a cyclic process is called a heat engine. This is the principle under which physician Carnot developed the Carnot heat engine. A Carnot heat engine is a theoretical engine that functions on the Principle of Carnot cycle which is the process of how heat engine operates in terms of its efficiency and energy conversion. The Carnot model was first developed by Nicolas LÃ ©onard Sadi Carnot in the year 1824 and later advanced in terms of its mathematical computation. This resulted to a concept of entropy which is the conversion of energy from one level to another. The Carnot heat engine operates by transferring energy from two reservoirs i.e hot to cold region. The most efficient process for energy conversion that supersedes the second law of thermodynamics is the Carnot cycle. The cycle consists of isothermal phase and two adiabatic processes. According to the second law of thermodynamics, not all heat is used to do work in a machine hence the efficiency depends on the rate of heat conversion. Under the Carnot cycle, the efficiency of the machine is improved since it sets the limit value of heat energy that can be used to do work. In order for a machine to obtain the Carnot efficiency threshold, the processes involved in the heat engine cycle must be reversible and there should be no heat loss or change in entropy. Therefore in any given machine, the Carnot cycle is the core central function in the machine system. The P-V diagram below illustrates the operation of a Carnot engine. The concept of Carnot engines and Carnote cycle is dated way back in eighteenth century when it was first discovered by a scientist, Nicolas L. Sadi Carnote. Sir Carnote discovery was on how efficient can engines convert thermal energy to mechanical energy than the existing engines which were based on second law of thermodynamics. He discovered that "perfect

Intercultural public relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural public relations - Essay Example This has forced the field of public relation to device ways on how to deal with this problem and several theories or ways have been formed as guidelines on dealing with the issue of intercultural public relations1. This paper will try to look into detail how the intercultural public relation problem has been addressed by different theories and how these theories differ and their similarities, it will look at the importance of studying intercultural public relations. One of the theories of intercultural public relations is the cross-cultural adaptation that was brought forward by Robert Park, in this model he identified four steps in this theory that people have to undergo. The first step is the contact step where the individual is exposed to another culture; this is followed by competition where the two different cultures compete against each other. Thirdly, this is where the less dominant culture learns to accommodate the cultural aspects of the dominant one and finally he is assimi lated into the group and he learns to assimilate other members. One of the theories under this is epistemology where an individual acquires communicational skills from the dominant culture and his own way of thinking is transformed in to that of the host2. In another dimension, the public influence model that is mainly practised in countries that are hierarchical in nature such as India and in Africa, however in other countries such as the United States of America it is practised in minimal levels. In this case, public relation is not with respect to the larger community or a group, rather it is with people of a higher social class or those with influence. This is where people with more personal influence are likely to achieve their goals or higher levels of success. Dialogic method is another way in which intercultural public relations can be viewed; this is where the organisation and the public that it is addressing are viewed as equal partners. In this model, all people are broug ht on board in the decisions of the organisation. As the name suggests, it involves dialogue between an organisation and the public without bias or prejudice and it appreciates the opinions and personal worth of every stakeholder of the organisation. This method involves admitting when one party is wrong, empathising and allowing the decisions made collectively to change the way things are done, it aims at building strong and long lasting relationships in the process of doing business. In working with this model a lot of interpersonal and intercultural communication skills are required and a genuine concern for people and it is not dictated by pre mediated rules and regulations. Due to the diversity of individual and stakeholder in different sectors, understanding of their varied and different cultural backgrounds helps in knowing how to deal with them. Genre approach to intercultural public relations in this case helps public relation researcher or theorist to understand the variou s cultural backgrounds and communication styles and not merely trying to feed information that an organisation wants the public to know3. An intercultural public relation expert should engage in six activities that include identifying the special characteristics of the situation or culture, identifying the intended effects on the audience, clarifying the motivational intention of the organisatio

Dealing With Global Income Inequality and its Consequences

Dealing With Global Income Inequality and its Consequences Tim Mulligan Problem Background: The passing of time has generally served to benefit many of the problems revolving international relations. As time has progressed, so have human development policies, international organizations and missions for global peacekeeping. Time has brought us to an era where nuclear weapons have made all-out war is obsolete, and where greater efforts towards controlling climate change are technologically possible. Time has not served the world’s income inequality well, though. Income inequality is one of international relations seemingly insurmountable obstacles and this can be attributed to several factors that have continuously plagued and complicated the issue. Although recent studies may report increases in the world’s average income within the past few decades, rates of economic inequality have largely remained the same. (Milanovic, para. ) Moreover, the income inequality rates of the world have risen seventeen percent since the year 1820 and only show signs of continuing this pattern. (â€Å"Breaking the Camels Back†) These global rates have experienced rises and falls in correlation to the well-being of the world’s economy, higher equality in positive economic times and lower equality in times of economic crisis. But, the explanation for why income inequality has fallen—and continues to fall—transcends the simple explanation of poor economy=poor economic equality and good economy=good economic equality. The worlds declining rate of equality is a product of a number of internal and international aspects including governmental policies, ethnic discrepancies, colonization and the earth’s limited re sources, all of which have undermined the financial equality of individuals for centuries. The complexity in the causality of this issue is what makes the development and implementation of appropriate international policies such a difficult task. It is also important to note that income inequality does not strictly affect individuals, but also has a large impact on states and furthermore the world as a whole. The income inequality of individuals within a state or nation will often be indicative of the state’s overall power and more importantly its stability. Everything from economic influence, military power, the standard of living, and political participation are byproducts of a state’s level of income inequality. This is because the individuals who experience this degree of poverty typically go unrepresented, either because the wealthy control the interests of the state or because they are under a dictatorship that does not allow them representation. Without equal representation politically and economically, states often face internal struggles with rebellion, constant regime changes, education, extreme poverty and even civil war. These are indicators of a â€Å"failed state†, which is a state in which the government is not in control of its citizens. This lack of stability can shut down government, international trading, national defense, human development and other things that are imperative not only to internal stability, but to relations with the rest of the world. Analysis of the Policy Problem: Several experts provide potential policy options for the improvement of global income inequality levels: Robert Muggah suggests that positive changes in income inequality and poverty are rooted in the structure and policies of urban city governments. He approaches the issue on the basis that the governments of dense urban cities have a more direct impact on the level of income inequality throughout the world than state governments. His emphasis is on communication between city mayors and citizens as well as communication and cooperation between poor cities and wealthy cities. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Muggah takes a liberal and very unique approach to the problem. In his expert opinion, he believes that local mayors need to be more receptive to the opinions of their citizens. This is in order to generate an agenda that better embodies the opinions of those who may go unrepresented because of their impoverished status. Muggah believes that the most commonly shared opinions may not in fact be the ones that are receiving treatment through policies and that a better line of communication between government and citizen could bring about more effective governing in regards to dealing with income inequality. (Muggah, Urban Rennaissance) Muggah also finds value in unifying wealthy cities with poor cities. He views this not only as a source of financial aid for struggling cities, but also as an opportunity for impoverished cities to observe potentially more effective income inequality policies. (Muggah, Urban Rennaissance) A second policy position to observe is that of David Dollar and Aart Kraay. They take a stance promoting the benefits of globalization as a means of lowering the level of income inequality throughout the world. They believe that many countries with high rates of income inequality are in such a state because they lack a connection with other, richer countries. They are losing the battle of income inequality internally without looking outward for opportunity and aid from other countries. Dollar and Kraay also stress the idea that the economic decisions of powerful countries play a huge role in the level of global inequality. (Dollar, Kraay, A Rising Tide) The primary point of Dollar and Kraay is that countries that are struggling with income inequality need to find opportunities in international trade and foreign investments. This is because the improvement of impoverished countries is at the will of the world’s more powerful countries. They believe that rich countries that deny economic integration with poor countries need to be dealt consequences or be convinced to do otherwise. Another theory of theirs is that poor countries need to construct governing systems that are consistent with the process of globalization. (Dollar, Kraay, A Rising Tide) Branko Milanovic maintains a viewpoint that is contradictory to Dollar and Kraay’s. Milanovic does not find globalism to generate the amount of wealth for a country that is necessary to bring it’s impoverished out of inequality. He stands firmly behind the idea that extreme capitalism has the greatest chance of decreasing the amount of global income inequality. His idea is that the generation of wealth and jobs from capitalists will in turn generate a larger pool of wealth and opportunities to be shared with the poor. (Milanovic, para. 11-20) Milanovic’s argument is that capitalism is an unstoppable force and that mitigating an individual’s desire for more wealth is impossible. Because of this, he believes that it is a better idea to employ capitalism for its economic growth advantages rather than push for individuals to redistribute their funds among the poor. With that said, Milanovic also calls for a reform in the mindset of the modern capitalist that focuses more on entrepreneurship and the saving of wealth rather than illustrious spending. He specifically refers to the winner-take-all attitude that capitalists have taken on since the 1980’s which he believes has caused wealthy businessmen to focus on personal growth rather than expansion that can benefit all. Milanovic finds that a country benefits more from internal wealth and job creation than becoming interdependent with other countries. (Milanovic, para. 13-21) Ryo Arawatari’s policy position is based on the effect that voter turnout has on the income inequality level of countries. Arawatari tested his theory that low voter turnout may have a negative impact on the level of income inequality in a country with a series of mathematical equations. (Arawatari, pg.32- 53)The results of his tests found that there is a significant negative relationship between the two, mathematically speaking. Arawatari proposes that perhaps income inequality could be lower if more citizens that were impoverished voted and provided themselves with representation regarding the distribution of wealth in their country. He also found that lower voter turnout (statistically) stunts a countries GDP growth rate which could in turn increase the level of inequality in the country. Although he does not specifically propose a change in policy, Arawatari analyses the value of voting and democracy as a potential factor to change the level of income inequality globally. (Arawatari, pg. 29-32) It is important to note the variety of policy positions that are presented. The experts that are cited have fairly different viewpoints in regards to addressing the problem of global income inequality. The two views that seem to contain similarities (if any) are Robert Muggah and Ryo Arawatari’s. Both of these experts advocate an increase in citizen-to-government involvement. Muggah promotes the value of communication between citizens and their local government officials and Arawatari promotes the value of the democratic vote. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) These are both solutions to global income inequality that rely on the internal processes of countries rather than their policies on foreign affairs. Branko Milanovic also proposes a solution that involves countries working from within their borders but he focuses on what wealthy capitalists can do to lower inequality rather than what the impoverished can do for themselves. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Branko Milanovic and David Dollar and Aart Kraay have the most conflicting policy stances. Milanovic belittles the value of globalization, which on the contrary Dollar and Kraay are strong proponents. They disagree not on whether globalization has a positive effect on global income inequality, but whether this affect is influential enough to cause a swift, significant and positive change in the problem. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Not only do they contradict each other on which policy provides the greatest reduction in income inequality, Milanovic goes as far as claiming that globalization will not produce results quickly enough. Milanovic includes timeliness as an important tool for the support for his argument which other experts did not appear to touch on. (Milanovic, pg.13-20) Robert Muggah may have the most unique position on the problem of global income inequality. His addressing of global inequality at the local government level provides a far different solution than other experts. As Milanovic, Arawatari, Dollar and Kraay champion policies that take place at the national or international level, Muggah has a grassroots approach which calls for change at the lowest level of government. Not only that, but his policy relies on a humanitarian and moral policy change while the other experts look more into more structural changes and globalization efforts. Muggah proposes working from the bottom up instead of the more popular policies which work form the top down to solve global income inequality. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Major Conclusions: The opinions of these experts are drastically different from one another in regards to their range of options and applicability. Robert Muggah’s serves as the most loosely applicable option. As a policy based simply on â€Å"better† communication between urban city mayors and citizens, the policy can hardly be called a policy, as there is no structural way to implement the idea either within a country or on an international level. This policy could only be applied to cities which are a part of democratic regimes and in states that have local governments. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Arawatari’s policy is much more comprehensive than it is ad hoc. Arawatari does not propose a structural policy either, he calls for an initiative to increase voter turnout which greatly limits the potential application for his ideology. This policy would also be limited to use in democratic regimes that have an electorate and even more specifically, states with low voter turnout. (Arawatari, pg.29) Milanovic is also proposes a fairly comprehensive policy that could only be exercised by a select group of countries, or individuals for that matter. His advocacy for extreme capitalism would only apply to countries that have a capitalistic economy which is a fairly small percentage of the countries which have high rates of income inequality. Also, the aspect of his argument that calls for modern capitalists to focus more on entrepreneurial values of job growth and distribution is not enforceable by government which limits its application. (Milanovic, para.13-20) Dollar and Kraays policy is the more as hoc of the group. Their advocacy for globalization is not only a policy that can be implemented in nearly every country, but it can also be instituted through the means of foreign policy efforts, economic interdependency and foreign investment. In promoting globalization, Dollar and Kraay are actually advocating the expansion of the applicability of their own policy. (Dollar. Kraay, A Rising Tide) The policies put forth by these experts have applications that would not yield results for a long period of time as income inequality and other such economic factors are not susceptible to quick changes. The complexity and depth of global income inequality alone could cause even the most successful policy to take a significant amount of time to impact the world. Arawatari and Muggah’s policies although being the most abstract of the policies, could yield the quickest results due to their more direct approach to increasing the representation of individuals who are impoverished. Muggah’s policy of communication between citizens and mayors could have an immediate effect on the representation of cities and their potential changes to help increase income equality depending on the legislatures of the city. If the legislature considers the opinions of the impoverished citizens then perhaps change can come about through statutes. (Muggah, Urban Renaissance) Arawatari’s policy of increased voter turnout can also bring about immediate changes in legislature or public figures that can provide for higher rates of income equality for the impoverished. Milanovic, Dollar and Kraay have more long term policies. Milanovics policy hinges upon the changing of the mindset of capitalists which may not be a goal to rely on as it is abstract. Also his advocacy for extreme capitalism would not generate an immediate change in income inequality because even if the mindsets of capitalists were to align right with his proposed ideal, these individuals could take decades to make an impact that would have an effect on an entire countries economy. (Milanovic, para. 9-20) Dollar and Kraays globalization policy would take the longest not only to implement, to take effect. Creating economic interdependency and expanding relations with other counties alone is a task, but the economic growth that would be expected to follow would take even longer. There are also many factors that can inhibit the policies continuity like war, terrorism and global economic crisis. References Arawatari, Ryo. Informatization, Voter Turnout and Income Inequality. Journal of Economic Inequality 7, no. 1 (2007): 29-54. Accessed April 27, 2015. doi:March 2009. Breaking the Camels Back. The Economist. October 4, 2014. Accessed April 15, 2015. http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21621908-what-impressive-work-economic-history-tells-you-about-inequality-breaking. Dollar, David, and Aart Kraay. Spreading the Wealth. Foreign Affairs. January 1, 2002. Accessed March 20, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/57626/david-dollar-and-aart-kraay/spreading-the-wealth. Milanovic, Branko. Inequality and Its Discontents. Foreign Affairs. August 12, 2011. Accessed March 28, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68031/branko-milanovic/inequality-and-its-discontents. Muggah, Robert. Fixing Fragile Cities. Foreign Affairs. January 15, 2015. Accessed March 20, 2015. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142760/robert-muggah/fixingfragile-cities

Computer Crime In The 1990s :: essays research papers

Computer Crime In The 1990's We're being ushered into the digital frontier. It's a cyberland with incredible promise and untold dangers. Are we prepared ? It's a battle between modern day computer cops and digital hackers. Essentially just think what is controlled by computer systems, virtually everything. By programming a telephone voice mail to repeat the word yes over and over again a hacker has beaten the system. The hacker of the 1990's is increasingly becoming more organized very clear in what they're looking for and very, very sophisticated in their methods of attack.. As hackers have become more sophisticated and more destructive, governments, phone companies and businesses are struggling to defend themselves. Phone Fraud In North America the telecommunications industry estimates long distance fraud costs five hundred million perhaps up to a billion every year, the exact the exact figures are hard to be sure of but in North America alone phone fraud committed by computer hackers costs three, four maybe even up to five billion dollars every year. Making an unwitting company pay for long distance calls is the most popular form of phone fraud today. The first step is to gain access to a private automated branch exchange known as a "PABX" or "PBX". One of these can be found in any company with twenty or more employees. A "PABX" is a computer that manages the phone system including it's voice mail. Once inside a "PABX" a hacker looks for a phone whose voice mail has not yet been programmed, then the hacker cracks it's access code and programs it's voice mail account to accept charges for long distance calls, until the authorities catch on, not for a few days, hackers can use voice mail accounts to make free and untraceablecalls to all over the world. The hackers that commit this type of crime are becoming increasingly organized. Known as "call cell operators" they setup flyby night storefronts were people off the street can come in and make long distance calls at a large discount, for the call cell operators of course the calls cost nothing, by hacking into a PABX system they can put all the charges on the victimized companies tab. With a set of stolen voice mail access codes known as "good numbers" hackers can crack into any phone whenever a company disables the phone they're using. In some cases call cell operators have run up hundreds of thousands of dollars in long distance charges, driving businesses and companies straight into bankruptcy. Hacking into a PABX is not as complicated as some people seem to think.

CompStat Management in the NYPD

No, it surely does not. Compstat s a system obsessed with numbers, and while in some areas it is a great tactic for kicking the workforce into shape, it can become tyrannical in the pursuit of those numerically motivated results. Was â€Å"Stop and Frisk† the major contributor to crime drop from 1993 to 2003? In Henrys The COMPSTAT Paradigm there is not one instance of â€Å"Stop and Frisk† throughout the entire book.It seems today that a majority of the controversy in the NYPD is revolving around a practice that isn't necessarily engrained in the very structure that defines the crime stopping law enforcement gency, it is simply one of the tactics that has taken a step too far in the public's eye. As someone who studies criminal Justice and believes in the system I do see the importance of procedures like stop and frisk but, it is easy to see in a city that is so liberal in almost every respect that this type of conduct can be controversial.In studying Compstat I have l earned that the entire purpose of it is to be flexible to the system's needs and that if a certain strategy does not have the desired effect it should be revised or removed if need be. The attitude that has been given off by the NYPD and Commissioner Kelly is not the one that supports that type of ethic; it has been one of impedance where those who speak out against it are discredited by whatever means necessary.Commissioner Kelly, through his thick headedness on this issue has alienated a large portion of NY's inhabitants because they believe they are always under persecution because of the unjust ways that stop, question, and frisk violates their personal privacy and pride. To say that stop, question, and frisk is n impartial tactic is a farce, 85% of all people stopped were of black or Hispanic ethnicities but only make up around nalt tn population. â€Å"Last year, the N made more stops of young black men than there are young black men in the citys population. 58,406 young blac k men live in New York City and the NYPD made 168,126 stops. † (Stop and Frisk By the Numbers, Forbes) For a system so caught up in the numbers I don't see why it is so difficult for them to interpret these numbers and do something constructive about it instead of stone walling any attempt at criticism. Compstat over the past couple decades has been an incredibly positive practice for the NYPD and other law enforcement agencies alike but over the past couple years we have seen more and more opposition to it.It is time that they revisit the drawing board and get back to the roots of what was the most flexible and responsive law enforcement management policy the world has ever seen. On a more personal note, as someone who does believe in the system I do say with great confidence that stop, question, and frisk is something that needs work before I can accept it as an ethical ractice. Works Cited â€Å"Capital New York. † Ray Kelly and the momentum of current stop-and-frisk policy.

Schedule a layout for flexible manufacturing layout (FMS) using the arena software The WritePass Journal

Schedule a layout for flexible manufacturing layout (FMS) using the arena software Chapter Two: Schedule a layout for flexible manufacturing layout (FMS) using the arena software Chapter One: IntroductionWhat is Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)?What is Simulation?Why use Simulation?Project ScopeProject AimLearning ARENA simulation SoftwareProject ObjectivesReport StructureChapter Two: Literature ReviewSeven types of wastei)  Ã‚  Waste from over production:ii)  Ã‚  Waste of waiting time:iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transportation waste:iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Processing waste:v)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waste of motion:vi)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waste from product defects :vii)   Inventory waste:JIT, Kanban and Lean ManufacturingJust in Time (JIT)  JIT CONCEPTGOALS OF JITOBJECTIVES OF JITChapter Three:The Problem DefinedChapter Four: Simulation Model DevelopmentChapter Five: Model Validation and CritiqueChapter Six: Analysis and SynthesisChapter Seven: Conclusions and Recommendation for Further WorkReferencesRelated Chapter One: Introduction What is Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)? Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is defined as the flexibility of the manufacturing line or process in order to archive the aim to shorten the lead time to produce a product so that the product can be delivered on time to the customer and also can save cost. It has to be approachable so that the results and effects can be seen and useful for manufacturing line. An  Industrial Flexible Manufacturing System  (FMS) consists of  robot, Computer-controlled Machines, Numerical controlled machines (CNC),  Instrumentation devices, computers, sensors. The use of robots in the section of manufacturing industries provides a variety of benefits ranging from high utilization to high volume of productivity. Each robotic cell will be located along a material handling system such as a conveyor or automatic guided vehicle. The production of each part or work-piece will require a different combination of manufacturing nodes. The movement of parts from one node to another is done through the material handling system. At the end of part processing, the finished parts will be routed to an automatic inspection node, and subsequently unloaded from the Flexible Manufacturing System. They provide better efficiency, flexibility and adaptability which are lacking in traditional manufacturing systems. FMS are designed to combine the advantages of mass producti on systems (efficiency) and job-shops (flexibility) in one system. (Tunali 1995) The reason why FMS is very powerful is because of its ability to produce different types of quality products in any order with small-batch sizes without the time consuming changing machine setups. The benefits and drawbacks of implementing FMS is shown in table 1. Although large investment, long planning, development time and automated controller like CNC machines are required, most manufacturers prefer attempt to implement FMS to compete with other manufacturers. Other operational objectives such as the maximization of flexibility, sustainability, reactivity (or the ability to handle contingencies), availability and productivity should also be taken into account in particular for FMS designed to do batch jobs, small and medium-sized series in addition to mass production volumes. Flexibility is a particular important design objective implying that  the same production line can be used for different products, either sequentially or simultaneously without major transformation costs. Benefits Drawbacks Reduction in labour costs Very expensive Requires less space Complicated manufacturing system Increases efficiency Pre planning activity is substantial Increases productivity Adaption of product changes is limited Improves the quality of products Manufacturing lead time is less Reduces work in progress inventory. Table 2: Benefits and drawbacks of FMS What is Simulation? Simulation represents the physical processes of systems on a virtual computer model where the behaviour of such a model resembles as much as possible for the real scenario. Simulation is a very useful tool with increasing importance in the current advanced industrial world. Simulation refers to a broad collection of methods and applications that virtually imitate real life situations, or those which are yet to be real. The more accurate and effective a simulation model is, the more realistic are the results obtained and predictions concluded from that specific simulation model. In fact, â€Å"simulation† can be an extremely general term since the idea applies across many fields, industries, and applications. These days, simulation is more popular and powerful then ever since computers and software are better than ever. Computer simulation deals with models of systems. A system is a facility or process, either actual or planned, such as: i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A manufacturing plant with machine, people, transport devices, conveyor belts and storage space. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A bank with different customers, servers, and facilities like teller windows, automated teller machine (ATM), load desks, and safety deposit boxes. iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An airport with departing passengers checking in, going through security, going to the departure gate, and boarding; departing flight contending for push back tugs and runway slots; arriving flights contending for runways, gates, and arrival crew; arriving passengers moving to baggage claim and waiting for their bags; and the baggage-handling system dealing with delays, security issues, and equipment failure. iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An emergency facility in a hospital, including personnel, rooms, equipment, supplies, and patient transport. v)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A central insurance claims office where a lot of paperwork is received, reviewed, copied, filed, and mailed by people and machines and etc. Why use Simulation? In an effort to reduce costs and time consumption, simulation is one of the most powerful analysis tools available for the design and operation of complex processes or systems. This is because a computer simulation can provide the result on how effective a machine can run without the need of high capital investment and long time consumption to build a actual model on the floor plan by just getting the same results. Weaknesses and problems that may occur in the workstation such as material handling, idle of machine, bottleneck situation can be showed by using the simulation. In addition, the improvement of the production layout can be easily done from the simulation output showed in meeting the operating target. Besides that, simulation also helps reduce costs, avoid catastrophes tragedy and improve performance of the system. Furthermore, to make changes of a manufacturing plant in real life is very expensive and performance after the particular changes is not guarantee. Hence, it is always better to simulate the changes and compare the results before implementing it. Expensive equipment and complicated designs can be modelled using computer software to detect any inconsistency or possible failure modes. This reduces the costs associated significantly as it helps avoid or reduce the expensive and potentially wasted cost of bad designs or wrong equipment. An example to illustrate this would be the complex simulation models created by aviation industries such as Airbus or Boeing. The sustainability and life time of a plane can be modelled by using simulation in order to evaluate the fuselage, performance of engine and other part with different environment or situation. In addition to this, some real time product trials might be impossible as they would consume the single possible use of such products. For example, a bomb or missile can only be used once, and as a result, it won’t be possible to test every single product of such type by trialling it. Simulation plays an important key role here in modelling and simulating the effect and influence of such products while avoiding the destructive and expensive trials. Furthermore, simulation can be used to improve the current process of a system. In other words, it might be possible to optimize and increase the efficiency of an already running system by implementing some changes suggested by engineers, managers, operators or any personnel involved. Having obtained an accurate model, those suggested changes can be initially incorporated in the model to investigate and analyze their consequences and whether they would produce the desired effect or not. Upon validation of the results, an educated decision, backed up by facts, can be taken. Therefore simulation is a tool that can be used by management to aid decision-making especially in costly and heavily investments involved. The other goals of the simulation system are to simulate different production tasks on a given FMS and finally to facilitate the evaluation and comparison of different FMS designs for the same tasks. This last target requires to build up several, new simulation models (George L. KOVACS 1997). One of the most challenging issues faced by today’s manufacturing industry is heavy global competition. In order to compete in an international market, the manufacturers have to produce varieties of products rapidly and flexibly in order to meet the ever increasing market demand Project Scope The purpose of this project is to develop and model a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) layout using ARENA software. The author has to develop a Flexible Manufacturing System and will be able to produce simulations for the different scheduling scenarios. To start of modelling a Flexible Manufacturing System in ARENA software, the author have to put a lot efforts in research through different kinds of mass media like internet, journals, magazines, case study to understand the fundamental concept   and technique of FMS. After researches, the author has to build and simulates the model in ARENA software. From the simulation result, the author has to analyze output and recommended it. Last but not least, the model results will be collected and presented in the project report. Project Aim The aim of this project is to adopt an existing FMS layout and identify the problem or weaknesses in it and make improvement. In order to do that, author has found a piece of journal which contains an existing FMS layout provided with the route and processing time for each parts and components respectively. These informations will be used to generate the simulation in ARENA to monitor its performance such as the total processing time or waiting time and make improvement to it. Learning ARENA simulation Software After few weeks of reading and learning for ARENA simulation software, the author had understood the concept and methodology of simulation using ARENA. In addition, the author had absorbed basic project planning and analysis ideas along with the modelling concepts, which how actual simulation projects ought to proceed. Besides that, the author had familiar with the icons and object about which to used and knew how to generate the animation according to the simulation. Furthermore, author had learnt the varieties of expression or formula such as normal distribution, exponential, triangular, discrete, Poisson distribution. Project Objectives The general objectives of this title is to schedule a layout for flexible manufacturing layout (FMS) using the arena software. The layout must be able to achieve and match the FMS requirement. The main objective can be divided into sub-objective as stated below: To prepare a literature review and understanding of the fundamental concepts and techniques used for the Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). To learn ARENA software in order to simulate the FMS model. To select a suitable FMS layout to model. To plan and develop the simulation of the FMS model. To run the model for different data, arrangement, and also to view and improve the efficiency and effectiveness FMS model. To analyze the results obtain from the FMS model. Reproduce the FMS model for improvement. To re-analyze and finalize the findings and conclusions. Report Structure This report divided into seven chapters, reference list, and appendices. The seven chapters consist of introduction, literature review, experimental technique, results and discussion, conclusion, and recommendations for further work.    Chapter 1 Introduction, the author introduces what this project is all about, objectives of this project and also the organization of the dissertation. Chapter 2 Literature review, this chapter explains on what is FMS, the history of FMS, various types of FMS, components of FMS, the benefits and limitations of FMS. The process and examples of FMS application is also included. Chapter 3, highlights on simulation and the ARENA software. The advantages and disadvantages of simulation are discussed in this chapter. The requirement of simulation in manufacturing environment is also included. Chapter 4, this chapter focuses on how the simulation of the model is being built by using ARENA software. The input parameters for the simulation run and model’s features are included. Chapter 5, this chapter is all about the results analysis that is generated from simulation model that have been built in ARENA simulation software. The three scenarios results are then compared. Chapter 6, this is the final chapter of this project where the author will discuss about the problems that are encountered during the simulation. Other than that, the author will also give the conclusion about the whole project and give recommendations for future work. Chapter Two: Literature Review Chapter two aims to reflect on the some topics related to simulation and lean manufacturing which have been pioneered by previous academics and industrialists. It covers the, seven sources of waste, JIT (Just in Time) manufacturing, kanban, lean manufacturing, types of production lines and scheduling environments, simulation and finally some distributions functions available in the simulation model. Figure 1: Original Layout Model of FMS This study has been realized on a model of a hypothetical FMS. By referring to Figure 1, it can be observe that the FMS consists of five multi-purpose CNC machines, each with automatic tool changing capability. Each machine is provided with limited input buffer. Having assumed that each machine will have ample capacity to store the required tools, the issue of tool availability is not considered in developing the model. An important feature of the model is that the machines are not available continuously. They can be subject to unexpected breakdowns. The system is capable of processing more than one part type simultaneously find each part type is associated with a probability of arrival. Each part is processed according to a predetermined sequence of operations. However, the machines that will process these operations are not fixed in advance, rather the routing decisions are made on-line based on current shop floor status data. Job pre-emption is allowed in case of an unexpected mac hine breakdown. The parts are introduced into the system through the loading station. The unloading station is the exit point for all the parts processed in the system. The system also includes a central Work-In-Process-Area (WIPA) to temporarily store the parts when the associated machine buffers reach the full capacity. The parts are transferred within the system by three AGVs each having one unit loading capacity. The place that the idle AGVs will wait for the next request depends on the AGV control policy employed. The model is developed on a microcomputer-based environment using SIMAN.    Part type Probability of Arrival Operation Sequence Processing Time On Alternatives Machine (Minutes) M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 1 20% B 9 0 14 12 0 D 0 10 8 11 13 H 8 0 0 10 14 E 11 12 0 0 9 F 0 7 10 0 9 2 20% B 11 0 7 9 0 C 0 8 0 11 0 A 12 0 10 0 0 D 0 10 8 6 7 G 6 7 0 0 8 3 10% F 0 8 6 0 7 C 0 10 0 8 0 B 9 0 6 7 0 D 0 8 10 9 11 4 10% C 0 7 0 6 0 A 9 0 12 0 0 I 0 0 6 8 0 B 8 0 9 7 0 G 11 10 0 0 12 5 20% E 7 8 0 0 10 F 0 10 8 0 11 A 7 0 9 0 0 I 0 0 6 8 0 D 0 8 9 11 13 6 20% H 7 0 0 8 10 B 10 0 8 12 0 C 0 11 0 9 0 G 10 8 0 0 6 E 6 8 0 0 10 I 0 0 10 7 0 Total 100% 30 Operations 141 150 156 159 150 Table 1: Part process Plan As for the experimental conditions, it is assumed that the FMS studied in this paper can simultaneously process 6 types of parts. As it is seen in Table 1, the number of operations for each part ranges from 4 to 6. The three AGVs travel at a speed of 200 feet per minute, The time required for loading and unloading an AGV is one minute irrespective of part and operation type. For each experiment, the performance data on mean flow time is collected for a simulation period of 15360 minutes (16 days with 2 eight hour shifts) by generating 10 independent replications of the model. For each replication, the statistics are collected after a warm-up period of 2880 minutes (3 days with 2 eight hour shifts). Seven types of waste The word â€Å"waste† in manufacturing was defined as anything other than the MINIMUM amount of equipment, materials, parts, space and workers’ time, which are ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL(to ADD VALUE to the product) (M.K.Khan, 2010).It is an very unlikely event to occur because manufacturing waste does not add value to product. After years of research and improvement job has been done, Toyota identified seven source of waste in manufacturing plant, which is as follow : i)  Ã‚  Waste from over production: This is considered as the most common waste found in manufacturing line. Mistakes occurred between marketing department and production department can lead to over production for demand and supply and cause delay for other parts or products. ii)  Ã‚  Waste of waiting time: Usually it’s easy to identify. Time is wasted when operators just watching the machine to run or waiting for preceding parts to arrive. Bottleneck in production line is also considered as time wasting when all the parts are stacked while waiting to be processed. iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transportation waste: Bad housekeeping can cause long distance transportation waste or even double or triple material or part handling. Example: raw material stored in warehouse before it is brought to the line. iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Processing waste: Additional process could lengthen a product or part processing time with unnecessary additional process. v)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waste of motion: Waste of motion is whatever time is not spent in adding value to the product should be eliminated. Poor machine or work layout could result to serious waste of motion. vi)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waste from product defects : When defects occurred at on station, other waste will also be raised up such as longer transportation time, waiting time, and scrapped or rework product may be produced as well. vii)   Inventory waste: Inventory is also known as the root of all waste. It hides problems such as poor quality of product, machine breakdown and so on. It also lowers the level of inventory to expose those problems. Therefore, human always try to reduce or think a better way to handle inventory as shown in table 2. Zero defects Zero setup time Zero inventories Zero part handling Zero breakdowns Zero lead time Lot size of one Match products to customer requirement. Table 2: Target for eliminating waste JIT, Kanban and Lean Manufacturing Just in Time (JIT)   The basic approach to the â€Å"Just-in-Time† (JIT) production system is to reduce product costs through the elimination of waste. In a production facility waste can be defined as defects, stockpiles, queues, idleness and delays. The manufacturing philosophy of JIT is well defined by the following analogy. Inventory is depicted by water, covering a bed of rocks in a lake. The rocks and the lakebed are representative of problems and the manufacturing floor, respectively. Lowering the water level will expose the rocks on the lakebed (Riggs, 1987). This is the basic theory behind the JIT production system. By eliminating inventory stockpiles on a plant floor, operating inefficiencies can be exposed. Therefore, producing or receiving inventory â€Å"just in time† for the next production process can eliminate stockpile inventory. This report will detail the history of the â€Å"Just-in-Time† production system. We will follow the JIT system from its conception in 1940 to its success today. The characteristics and advantages of the JIT production system will be further outlined. We will also summarize the specific requirements for implementation of this system. Throughout this document we will aim to provide internet links, which will provide more information on the topic. Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing. Essentially it involves having the right items with the right quality and quantity in the right place at the right time. Today, more and more North American firms are considering the JIT approach in response to an ever more competitive environment. The ability to manage inventory (which often accounts for as much as 80 percent of product cost) to coincide with market demand or changing product specifications can substantially boost profits and improve a manufacturer’s competitive position by reducing inventories and waste. Just In Time (JIT) is a management philosophy, an integrated approach to optimize the use of a company’s resou rces, namely, capital, equipment, and labor. The goal of JIT is the total elimination of waste in   the manufacturing process. JIT CONCEPT JIT may be viewed as a production system, designed to improve overall productivity through the Elimination of waste and which leads to improved quality. JIT is simple, efficient and minimize waste. The concept to produce and deliver finished goods just in time to be sold, subassembles just in time to be assembled into sub assembled and purchase materials Just- in time to be transformed into fabricated parts, is the concept behind JIT. It is dependent on the balance between the stability of the user’s scheduled requirement and supplier’s manufacturing flexibility. GOALS OF JIT A system whose goal is to optimize process and procedures by continuously pursuing waste reduction. It consists of 7 W’s to pursue the waste reduction. The wastes identified for reduction through continuous improvements in production process are: OBJECTIVES OF JIT The basic objectives include: n Low manufacturing and distribution cost. n Reduced labor (both direct and indirect) n Higher degree of product quality and less defects. n Effective use of Working capital. n Decrease in production lead-time. n Reduced investments for in-process inventory. n Increased productivity. n Reduced space requirements. n Faster reaction to demand. Change i.e. more flexibility to customer demand. n Reduced overheads.    Chapter Three: The Problem Defined Chapter Four: Simulation Model Development Chapter three demonstrates the process of preparing and constructing the simulation model. It will then be run and produce the results based on the data or assumption made in the simulation. It also serves as a reference for whoever uses or modifies the model in the future. Every steps will be shown and organized step by step for the ease of reading for reader. Before starting creating the simulation model, author has spent a significant amount of time to learn how to program and create a simulation model using ARENA based on the data provided in literature review. This involved identifying which machine has the longest processing time and processes the most products. The book that author referred to was â€Å"Simulation with Arena† and listed in the reference list. After all the data had been collected and gathered, now move to the development of the simulation model using ARENA. Firstly, run the ARENA software and it will show a blank page as shown is figure 1. Figure 1: Blank page of ARENA Secondly, drag and place the necessary object into the blank page and arrange it which is shown is figure 2.    Chapter Five: Model Validation and Critique Chapter Six: Analysis and Synthesis Chapter Seven: Conclusions and Recommendation for Further Work References George L. KOVACS, S. K., Ildiko KMECS (1997). Simulation of FMS with Application of Reuse and Object-Oriented Technology. 13 -1 Tunali, S. (1995). Simulation For Evaluating Machine And AGV Scheduling Rules In An FMS Environment. 433 438. Khan.M.K (2010). Manufacturing Planning and Control. Lecture notes distributed for ENG4087M, Just-In-Time Systems(Lean Production), SOEDT, 1st Oct 2010. W. David Kelton, Randall P. Sadowski, nancy B. Swets, 2010, Simulation with Arena, 5th edition, Mcgraw-Hill International Edition, Avenue of the America, new York. seopromolinks.com/fms-advantages-disadvantages.asp

Merchants of Cool

Merchants of Cool Free Online Research Papers The film â€Å"The Merchants of Cool† was interesting (and sometimes entertaining) to watch. The title of this film explains it all, the marketing of teens striving to be â€Å"cool†. It is very obvious that it is very out-dated, however not much has changed since then except the fads, music, clothing trends, products, and etc. All of this of course is expected to change very quickly over time. Teens are still in a way â€Å"brain-washed† into advertisements. I do honestly think they were pretty dead on about advertisers targeting teenagers. I do not think they were unfair on either side of the spectrum, advertisers or teenagers. They make their argument very persuasive by actually showing the viewer the process of marketing to teenagers. The companies have their workers to go and look for trend-setters. They find popular, confident, ordinary high school teenagers and pay them to talk about what they like and their interest. They also receive their opinions on different products. I think advertisers target teenagers because they are trying to â€Å"find themselves† and where they fit in with the world. They are misguided in to believing that it is reality and how they are suppose to be. The film explains how television shows like MTV are nothing more than a huge advertisement. I never looked at MTV that way, but when I thought about it, I could not agree more. Take for an example, most of MTV is showing music videos, which is trying to ultimately sell the music. The reality shows that come on that MTV are everything but reality, it is all phony and giving teens the wrong impression of how life should be led. Movies are more violent and sexual, causing teens to have the false perception that this is how everyone is. Advertisers are very smart people and know exactly how to get teenagers drawn in. One thing that they know is that teenagers like to feel a part of something bigger than themselves and this is how many advertising goes on today. I do understand and agree when they say marketing to teenagers â€Å"drags the culture down†, however I believe this can be reversed. If the market decides to promote classier teenagers then America’s teens would be classier. Of course, this is ideal. These companies revolve around a teenager’s money, not the teenager. Research Papers on Merchants of CoolPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentBringing Democracy to Africa