Contrast Mackays Tulip Bulb story with the US housing market of the Essay

Complexity Mackays Tulip Bulb story with the US lodging business sector of the previous 45 years - Essay Example The ongoing credit crunch disturbing the US economy specifically and the world economies when all is said in done, released by subprime contracts plentifully uncovers the helplessness of business sectors to theoretical crazes and deceived human ravenousness and covetousness. In the given setting, Mackay's 'Tulip Bulb' story distributed in his book 'Exceptional Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds' is by all accounts profoundly significant. Infact the given story is a completely clear case of an incapacitating polarity between the costs of a pined for resource and the market basics (Garber 14). The story is situated in the year 1559, when the tulip bulbs turned into an evaluated item in Holland. Infact tulip bulbs were generally exchanged the neighborhood advertise trades and the individuals went to the degree of extending their theoretical penchants a long ways too far in the red and began putting resources into the tulips bulbs that occasionally gotten a cost as high as 2,000 guilders. This fanatical group mindset was absolutely absent of the realistic market real factors and was exclusively determined by mass impulse (Peers 29). In the end, in February 1637, the tulip bubble busted and pushed the Dutch economy down to the brink of collapse. The story being talked about unquestionably causes one to notice the lodging and genuine state bubble that commanded the US economy over the most recent five years.

Statistical Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article Free Essays

ARTICLE REVIEW AND CRITIQUE: â€Å"Efficiency of Brand Placement in an International Film-Effects of Exposure in a Local Context† Slim Khalbous and Merium Maazoul Journal of Creative Communications, Volume 5, Issue 1 (March 2010), p. 23-46 SYNOPSIS Product and brand position stirs a specific enthusiasm at the hosts. Anyway the enormous utilization of brands in universal projects impels us to ponder about the impact of the nearby socio-social setting on the proficiency of this imaginative method. We will compose a custom paper test on Measurable Literature Review and Critique of Empirical Article or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now This exploration presents, initial an illustrative conceptual casing of the impact of the neighborhood setting factors and the factors of programming on the review of the arrangement; and second an experimental approval acknowledged in two stages. Above all else, a subjective examination of substance by specialists; at that point a quantitative report by experimentation acknowledged with 150 people. The outcomes show that, comprehensively the impact of the nearby setting on the retention of the arrangement is immediate and that the review of the put brands relies upon mentalities towards the communicated in language, on social collaborations and a few qualities of the crowd. Watchwords Brand position, review, programming, setting, uncovering language, social associations The exact application was finished by demonstrating a James Bond film that had a few item situations in a piece of North Africa called Tunisia; a zone where a great deal of universal movies are devoured. The examination needed to investigate the â€Å"effect of the particular setting identified with the universal film on the viability of the situation as far as remembrance. So as to do this, the exploration needed to experience three phases: (1) a best in class, which created a portion of the examination suggestions (2) a subjective stage, to pick and dissect the universal film, and (3) a quantitative stage, which would quantify the effect of presentation in the viability of arrangement in the film. Perspectives toward Language Effect Foreign language can improve the promoting adequacy for an item on the grounds that an unknown dialect stands out, makes an uplifting demeanor, and is pro gressively significant, which can be clarified by Helfer’s hypothesis of mbiguity. An investigation done by Khalbous and Maazaul in 2007 demonstrated that the â€Å"attitude toward promoting is sure when the crowd lean towards watching the projects in French and advertisements in Arabic. † Social connections likewise assume a colossal job in item remembrance and perspectives since individuals will recollect what they were stating or doing with others while staring at the TV or film. Singular Variables Effect Gender and the territory of living arrangement are two factors on the viability of item position. American, French, and Austrian men are bound to acknowledge an item found in films than ladies as indicated by considers. In any case, another examination demonstrated that ladies have increasingly inspirational perspectives towards arrangement. â€Å"On the other hand, ladies would be sincerely more contacted than men, by the upgrades which encompasses them, particularly TV projects to which they are uncovered (Schwartz et al. 1980). † The territory of habitation is the other factor. The wealthier zones are bound to be less positive towards item arrangement since they are presented to it more, and have gotten exhausted with its consistency. As indicated by the investigation of Hall (2004), the level of purchasers who said they would attempt an item on the off chance that they saw it in a film is 53 percent in Mexico, 49 percent in Singapore, 35 percent in India, and just 26 percent in the USA and 8 percent in France. † The Effect of Specific Context Related to the Progr am The valuation for a worldwide film, and the force of the feelings created by the film were the two viewpoints being concentrated around there of research. The vast majority of the intrigue was about the effect of the qualities of the film and how they influence the audience’s intellectual responses. Program Liking Effect Although there was no connection found between the film’s agreeability and the memory of item arrangement in an examination led in 1994 by Karrh, there was proof of a connection found in 2000. In that review, Blonde Roozen (2007) discovered proof of individuals being bound to recollect an item positioned in a film they loved. Global Placement and Tunisian Local Context The exact approval of the calculated structure was led in two phases: the subjective examination to choose and qualify the chose film (the visual substance investigation by specialists), and afterward (2) a quantitative report which decided the effect of the relevant factors on the viability of the situation of items in the film (the test). Choice and Analysis of Placements in an International Film: Qualitative Stage Choice of International Film James Bond-Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) was the film picked by a leading group of four specialists for three reasons: it’s known for utilization of item position, in light of the fact that the film was not made to relate to a specific crowd, and on the grounds that the old leave date of the film disposes of short and medium term remembrance. Quantitative Experimentation of the Selected Film The primary center was to test the impacts of the presentation on the effectiveness of position, while controlling the outer factors. Model and Hypothesis of Measurement So as to test the connection between the factors, two things were important: right off the bat, to propose estimations of reasonable system, and besides, to frame the speculation of research to be concentrated quantitatively. Estimation and Experimental Design The example utilized in this investigation was made out of 150 college understudies whose normal age ran somewhere in the range of 20 and 22 years of age. So as to limit testing puzzle, the understudies were from various territories and levels of study, distinctive salary levels, and were from three unique colleges, each in various urban communities in the nation. Sort of Recalled Placements: Qualitative Analysis of Frequencies According to Table 2, the frequencies of review of the item situations show that BMW stands apart more than the others since it is the main broad media position in the film. It was additionally rehashed a few times. Next is Ericsson, whose high scores are because of the nature of the brand to Tunisians. The scores might be high for Ericsson, however its pace of review is low a result of its exceptionally unobtrusive position in the film. As per Khalbous and Maazaul, â€Å"the subjective examination demonstrated that the high scores of review were acquired for the various media situations, coordinated in the situation of film, where the brand is introduced in a truly obvious manner, joined by a few incorporated and conspicuous reviews of position. These outcomes concur results concur with the finishes of Lehu’s study (2005), as indicated by which the customary measures of the situation doesn't efficiently ensure the accomplishment of a position, by improving the review of the brand. It is subsequently important to consider a worldwide methodology incorporating the different inventive procedures of situation. † Three Things I Liked First of all, the point was intriguing to me since I can relate my own encounters to it. For example, I have seen a couple of James Bond motion pictures, and what I love for the most part about them is the vehicles. At the point when I consider James Bond, I think about an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, a fantasy vehicle of mine simply because of the film James Bond 007-Die Another Day. Clearly, the item position grabbed my eye, as it did to a large portion of the example of undergrads in Africa that were being considered, and was noteworthy to me, since I’m as yet discussing it today, despite the fact that I saw the film around 5 years back. Something else I enjoyed was the investigation about various media appearing to have the greatest effect on item retention. I concur with this end in light of the fact that while looking for a film cut online of my preferred snapshot of the James Bond 007 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, I staggered onto an inappropriate clasp. I didn’t even recall the part when James Bond’s aide acquaints him with the Vanquish. In view of research done, the article reveals to me why: on the grounds that there was no stable to oblige it. The main piece of the film (or really, the vehicle) I recollect was an exceptionally loud second loaded with motor fires up and tire screeches. I additionally loved the investigation they did on feeling affecting memory, and concur with it too. I can recall when I saw the James Bond film at the theater, and the inclination I had while watching James Bond drive the Aston Martin on a sheet of ice during a rapid pursue. I was frightened, anxious, energized, and my adrenaline was siphoning. Following the scene, I went to my sweetheart and solicited â€Å"What kind from vehicle was that? † in light of the fact that I realized it had a place on my fantasy list. Right up 'til the present time, when somebody asks me what my fantasy vehicle is, I state â€Å"An Aston Martin V12 Vanquish. † I’ve never observed the film again, yet that vehicle, and the inclination I had when I saw it has remained with me. A couple of moments back, when I went to YouTube and did a quest for the â€Å"007 ice chase† I in the long run got the correct clasp; the one that gave me that sentiment of fervor. I was amazed, and a little disillusioned that I didn’t get a similar inclination. As a matter of fact, I’m considering changing my fantasy vehicle now, since I don’t think it’s very as alluring as I recollected that it being. This brings up an issue that I didn’t see look into done on in the article: What are the advantages of item arrangement in a universal film versus a global business. I’ve seen some lovely top to bottom, activity stuffed vehicle ads, however none of them have figured out how to convince me to relinquish my first dream vehicle, the Aston Martin. Why would that be? Is it becau

Essay Sample - Have Fun!

Essay Sample - Have Fun!The point of this essay sample is to give you the options that you may encounter while you make your choice on essay writing. As this is a long essay, you must take all the essay samples in consideration. It is important that you choose one from each sample that will be given to you so that you do not get confused on which ones will be helpful to you.Before you begin the selection process, here are the things that you must know about the sample essays. First, this essay samples are based on unique approaches in the subject matter. This is the reason why these are not all alike and the writers also have their own ways of showing the interest of the reader.If you look closely, you will notice that these unique approach will change the way you write the essay. These essays can help you increase your knowledge in this particular subject matter. The approach of the writer has an impact on how you communicate your point. It is highly important to do research on the samples to determine the approach you want to adopt while writing.If you follow the suggestion of the various essay samples, you will be able to understand the importance of the different factors. As you are an experienced writer, you will see the right approach as well as the right writing style as you go through the samples. Therefore, it is important to read more than the sample, you will be able to develop a good idea of what is right for you.In terms of the essay sample, these samples are classified into the topics. The common topic is the subjects of Biology, Economics, Geography, History, Literature, Law, Nature, Politics, Physics, and Sociology.There are many other interesting types of sample as well as they will keep you from writing bad essays and you will get good points. These samples are written based on the ideas and concepts from a good number of people. This is because when the writer is asked to express his or her opinion, he or she can easily bring forth the ideas and concepts based on the experience and knowledge.As you read the different essay samples, you will see that each sample is unique and you can read the points of the writers, study the topic, find the best way to convey your thoughts and write the essay in a creative way. In order to help you a lot, the writer should go into the detail of the topic. With this, you will be able to master the subject matter and you will get used to the essay sample that you are going to use.

The Relationship between a High-Dairy Diet and Breast Cancer in Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2057 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Breast Cancer Essay Did you like this example? Recent studies have demonstrated that 1 in 8 women will develop invasive breast cancer at some point in their lives being that breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women (American Cancer Society, 2018). Since 2000, the rates of breast cancer have been declining and researchers posit this may be due to better screening processes or possibly due to the decrease in hormone replacement therapy because it was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Breastcancer.org, 2018). Although breast cancer has been linked to genetic inheritance, lifestyle factors such as diet and hormone levels also play a role in developing the disease (American Cancer Society, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Relationship between a High-Dairy Diet and Breast Cancer in Women" essay for you Create order One study indicates that dairy, specifically in the Western world, is pumped full of estrogen and progesterone hormones, which may link a diet high in dairy to breast cancer rates (Ganmaa Sato, 2005). Estrogenic hormones are more common in fats, so there may be a critical difference between the effects of high-fat dairy products, such as whole-milk compared to the low-fat version referred to as skim milk (Pape-Zambito et al., 2010). Research suggests that there are conflicting results in regards to the association between high-dairy intake and breast cancer (Hunter Willett, 1994; Boyd et al., 1993), which makes it important to study the methods and possible explanations behind this controversial evidence. In this paper, I will analyze two research studies that provide opposing results in regards to the relationship between breast cancer and a high-dairy diet in order to understand why researchers may have found these varying outcomes. Kroenke et al. (2013) hypothesized that a high-fat dairy diet, compared to a low-fat dairy diet, is more associated to breast cancer recurrence and mortality rates. To test this hypothesis, a team of researchers conducted a prospective cohort design and studied 1893 women that were a part of larger study (LACE) who already had early stage invasive breast cancer. These women previously went through cancer treatment and exhibited no evidence of recurrence or other types of cancer. The number and type of recurrences were assessed by health status questionnaires obtained annually, and mortality was measured using the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry (KPNC) data sources or using information from the participant’s family. Researchers collected data at two time points that encapsulated the women’s diets, measured by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Food Frequency Questionnaire, at baseline and at a 6-year follow-up. This measure asked women how o ften they ate dairy foods in the past year by specifically asking the participants to describe their daily, weekly and monthly eating habits. The questionnaire displays a medium size portion as an example and then asks the participants to indicate the size of their own dairy servings (small, medium, or large). In order to evaluate fat content, the participants were asked the type of fat levels they usually consumed, such as percentage of fat in their milk, cheese, yogurt and dessert products. They gathered the total number of servings of dairy per day and classified certain types of dairy into high or low-fat groups. In their statistical analyses for high and low-fat dairy intake, the researchers adjusted for possible confounding variables such as age, smoking, menopausal status, race, education, BMI, and reproductive factors. For analyses on breast cancer outcomes, researchers controlled for confounding variables such as disease severity, treatment type, and behavioral factors such as other diet components (i.e. red meat consumption, sugar), exercise, alcohol and smoking behaviors (Kroenke et al., 2013) The results of this study demonstrate that overall, dairy consumption levels among these women were low, and women were consuming more low-fat dairy than high-fat dairy products. Kroenke et al. (2013) also found that high-fat dairy intake was not related to cancer recurrences, but it was positively associated with mortality. Although this study found a link between high fat dairy intake and mortality from breast cancer, they did not find an overall relationship between dairy and breast cancer. Previous research suggests that breast cancer causes may be linked to calcium and Vitamin D (Lipkin Newmark, 1999), but these results showed no relation between these vitamins and cancer outcomes (Kroenke et al., 2013) Since a high-fat dairy diet is related to an increase in estrogen, it is important for researchers to further study the impact of estrogen levels on cancer. If these results were to be replicated, it would be valuable to advise women with breast cancer to cut back on high fat d airy products, since it may impact their survival. One of the strengths of this study was that they adjusted for different factors that could have effected breast cancer severity such as stage, nodal status, tumor size, and lifestyle factors such as SES, exercise, demographics and reproductive history. Since this was a correlational study, we cannot confirm causality, but the study’s adjustment for third factors does strengthen their observed effects (Kroenke et al., 2013). One major limitation in studies regarding diet is the tendency for people to underestimate their food intake. Some of the women responded that they didn’t know what type of milk they were consuming or how much they had daily, so it was difficult to categorize dairy products into high or low-fat groups accurately. Previous research suggests an inverse relationship between dairy products and breast cancer outcomes in samples of premenopausal women (Shannon et al., 2003); however, the current study was mainly postmenopausal, and they did not have a larg e enough sample of premenopausal women to study the differences in menopausal status in regards to diet. Another limitation of this study was its inability to accurately identify estrogen/progesterone receptor status of the reported products since researchers suggest the effects of estrogen may contribute to higher mortality rates in women with breast cancer (Kroenke et al., 2013). In a second study, Knekt et al. (1996), the researchers hypothesized that there is an inverse relationship between dairy intake and breast cancer. This was a prospective study that followed 4697 healthy women (free of cancer) for 25 years. The population of women in the study were from Finland, which is significant because Finland has one of the highest levels of milk intake among anywhere in the world. Once the women were screened for cancer, the researchers conducted a modified dietary history interview that analyzed the women’s diet in the last year. Dietary assessments were repeated every 4-8 months after the initial interview. The model assessed for food eaten each day, week, month and year and had participants estimate their portion size similarly to the previous study, Kroenke et al. (2013). The participants also completed a mailed questionnaire to gather information such as residence, occupation, parity, and smoking to be assessed as covariates. Cancer incidence was ob tained through the nationwide Cancer Registry along with death certificates from the Central Statistical office of Finland over the 25-year period of the study. This study found that the rates of developing breast cancer were highest among women over 50, who had never married or had kids, and had a white-collar job. They also found that milk intake was dependent on location and occupation and was higher in western agricultural areas. There was an inverse relationship between milk consumption (as opposed to other dairy products) and developing breast cancer after controlling for age. Previous research suggests a relationship between high saturated fat and breast cancer outcomes, (Boyd et al., 1993; Hunter et al., 1994); however, the present study found no relationship between total or saturated fat and breast cancer (Knekt et al., 1996). Another finding was that higher levels of calcium are related to lower breast cancer incidence in the study, suggesting that calcium may play a protective role in breast cancer prevention. Researchers indicate calcium’s protectiveness may be related to its ability to protect the binding of fatty acids and bile acids when processing dairy products. However, past studies have not found a significant relationship between calcium intake and breast cancer incidence (Katsouyanni et. al 1988) and after adjusting for calcium in the current study, the relationship between diary and breast cancer still existed. A strength in this study was their ability to follow healthy women to see who developed breast cancer after initially collecting diet data. This study also had a large sample of 4697 women, which increases the study’s power and researchers followed them for a significant period of time (25 years), which allows them to account for long term effects. Researchers also used a comprehensive survey of food consumption compared to previous studies that used a simpler measure for diet (Knekt et al., 1996). A limitation of this study was its inability to control for some health and behavioral factors such as alcohol consumption; however, few women in Finland are heavy drinkers, so this possible confounding variable most likely did not impact the results of the study (Knekt et al., 1996). Since reproductive factors and hormones may play a role in breast cancer (Kelsey and Whittemore, 1994), these confounding variables may have impacted their results since the researchers only obtained r eproductive information regarding the women’s number of births. Although these two studies indicate different associations between breast cancer and dairy intake, it is important to note that they are studying very different populations of women. The first study described involved a population of women who already had breast cancer while the second study focused on women who develop breast cancer out of a sample starting with healthy women. It is possible that this difference in timing of disease occurrence accounts for some of the difference in results. Also, the Knekt et al. (1996) study was more focused on milk products specifically, while the Kroenke et al. (2013) study was more concerned about high vs. low-fat dairy products. There were also more postmenopausal women in the sample from the Kroenke et al. (2013) study compared to the Knekt et al. (1996), which may have played in a role in interactions between hormone levels and dairy products (Shannon et al. 2003). Menopausal status is especially relevant because the results from the Knekt et al. (1996) study only demonstrated the inverse relationship after controlling for age. Since dairy intake was associated with cancer mortality, it is possible that the fat in dairy cells negatively interacts with cancer cells, but not healthy cells (Kroenke et al., 2013). In the case of the study in Finland, the dairy production process may differ from the US and thus, alter the levels of estrogen in milk. Also, since milk is very common in Finland, it is possible that this population is more tolerant to its effects on hormone levels. Another major difference between the two studies is their amount of data collected on diet. In the Kroenke et. al (2013) study, they gathered assessments of diet at two time points, one at baseline and the other at a 6-month follow-up, while the Knekt et al. (1996) study interviewed people regarding diet every 4-6 months for 25 years. Considering that diet recall is grossly underestimated (Kroenke et. al, 2013), these differences in diet data collect ion may suggest why the studies are producing different results. It would be beneficial to have future studies examine the specific nutrients and hormone levels in dairy products consumed to understand why dairy can be both positively and inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer. Research suggests that some cultures place more value on milk-oriented diets in comparison to others (Cramer et al., 1994), perhaps because of cultural differences and views on dairy product’s health benefits. Future studies should examine dairy consumption cross-culturally to assess whether dairy production differences and metabolism differences among certain groups contribute to the relationship between dairy and breast cancer. Additionally, a major problem with diet research, is that it is usually gathered at one time point (Kroenke et. al, 2013) and researchers need to have more frequent questionnaires to accurately gauge the types of nutrient intake and total consumption. Although these studies both used a detailed questionnaire for food consumptio n, participants may have been inaccurately showcasing their overall diet patterns, or they may have changed their diet habits after the questionnaire was completed, which could have impacted their breast cancer outcomes. Also, future studies could focus more on differentiating between high and low-fat dairy since Kroenke et al. (2013) and Knekt et al. (1996) were unable to accurately measure these differences. Since menopausal status and age were important factors in the relationship between breast cancer and dairy products, future researchers may want to expand on these findings and study how age may impact the relationship between dairy products, estrogen levels, and breast cancer.

The Climate And Geography Of The Gulf Of Mexico - 1623 Words

Welcome to Grecho, a city found in Norway just by the Oslofjord, and where technology and nature coexist. The Gulf of Mexico brings in warm water making Grecho much milder than where its latitude will demand. The summer temperatures can range from 51 - 69.8 ° F, but during spring, maximum temperatures don’t go past 60.8 ° F. Winter is somewhat drier than summer, lasting from November to March, and temperatures can even go below 19.8 ° F. Although it stays at a pretty warm temperature throughout summer and spring, people like to come during winter the most. Skiing, ice skating, and snowboarding is what we’re all about during the winter time. Grecho is geographically situated at the top of Oslofjord. Our city is inclosed by protected forests and mountains. The highest mountain situated within our city limits is the Kirkeberg (629 meters). Two thirds of our city is covered in protected forests, hills, and lakes, making it a great place to tour and travel through. The climate and geography in Grecho is quite favorable, but you haven’t seen anything until you’ve seen our unique features and innovations. Agriculture, flourishing nature, and eco-friendly energy solutions, are only a few things we are making into innovative features in Grecho. One thing Grecho is known for is it’s major composting and agricultural buildings. Composting is a big thing in our city, and we want to focus on it because it saves money, saves resources, improves the soil we use for our agriculture, andShow MoreRelatedThe Water Systems And Landforms1012 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction While studying water systems and landforms in our lab, we begin to wonder about certain climates and regions. In this paper, I will discuss the water systems and landforms found in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as well as two other cities in the United States. I will explore the amount of water that comes and leaves their systems, as well as the natural landforms that occupy their regions. 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The Uniform Commercial Code free essay sample

First published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been promulgated in conjunction with efforts to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions in all 50 states within the United States of America. The goal of harmonizing state law is important because of the prevalence of commercial transactions that extend beyond one state. For example, goods may be manufactured in State A, warehoused in State B, sold from State C and delivered in State D. The UCC therefore achieved the goal of substantial uniformity in commercial laws and, at the same time, allowed the states the flexibility to meet local circumstances by modifying the UCCs text as enacted in each state. The UCC deals primarily with transactions involving personal property (movable property), not real property (immovable property) Firm offers (offers that cannot be revoked for a set time) are valid without consideration and irrevocable for time stated (or up to 3 months) and must be signed. Offer to buy goods for â€Å"prompt shipment† invites acceptance by either prompt shipment or a prompt promise to ship. Therefore, this offer is not strictly unilateral. However, this â€Å"acceptance by performance† does not even have to be by conforming goods. Consideration modifications without consideration may be acceptable in a contract for the sale of goods. Failure to state price—in a contract for the sale of goods, the failure to state a price will NOT prevent the formation of a contract if the parties’ original intent was to form a contract. A reasonable price will be determined by the court. Assignments a requirements contract can be assigned if the quantity required by the assignee is not unreasonably disproportionate to original quantity In 1980 the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the CISG) was introduced to create international certainty and uniformity in the law and to govern issues that arise in an international sale of goods transaction. This paper focuses on the international sale of commodity type goods and the ability of the CISG to govern contracts for the sale of such commodities. Commodity type goods comprise a broad range of products including grains, wheat, oil, soybeans, rice, cotton and chemicals. Commodities are characterized as being substitutable goods that are produced in bulk quantities by a large number of producers. As will be illustrated, commodity markets have many unique characteristics that distinguish the international sales of commodities from the international sale of goods intended for commercial consumption. The natural flexibility of the CISG warrants it a suitable instrument of law to govern contracts for the international sale of commodities, particularly given the contractual freedom and precedence afforded to parties involved in a sale by Arts. 6 and 9. It is an appropriate tool for use in a commodity sales contract, especially when applied to a contract that incorporates internationally recognized trade terms or standard usages into the contract. Interestingly, although the CISG is an apt and fitting instrument of law to govern international commodity sales, it is generally excluded in standard form contracts that instead opt for English law in arbitration and as the proper law of the contract. At present the CISG does not hold the same measure of reported judgments and case law that the United Kingdom retains on commodity sales, but it is more and more frequently being referred to in arbitration cases and national decisions. The CISG is capable of being developed and extended to meet the requirements of international trade in a uniform manner that cannot be accomplished by a single domestic law. Generally, the CISG applies only to contracts for the sale of goods between parties whose relevant places of business are in different Contracting States or when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State. Nations adhering to the Convention may exclude the latter basis of applicability, so you will have to check for declarations and reservations. Under the Convention, the fact that the parties to the contract have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract. Consequently, you should consider identifying the parties places of business in the contract in a way that makes evident the applicability or non-applicability of the Convention. The CISG is the product of a long process of development by legal and commercial experts. At this writing it has been adopted by 62 nations. When you are negotiating a sales contract choice of law clause, even if the Convention would not apply to your sales contract, it could be a suitable neutral ground between the law of your contract partners home and your domestic law. The ICC model contract incorporates the CISG with the intention that the Convention apply whether or not the countries of the seller and buyer have ratified it. Consider adopting the CISG as part of your contract, where it would not apply otherwise. You should be able to make the CISG part of your contract by using a choice of law clause. Domestic law will govern the validity of such a clause, but under usual conflicts of law rules, most often, choice of law clauses are enforceable. The laws of many nations differ as to whether contracts for the sales of goods must be in writing. Under the UCC, American law requires that contracts for the sales of goods of $500 or more be in writing. (Under proposed amendments to the UCC, the requirement would be increased to $5,000 and the requirement of a signed â€Å"writing† would be changed to signed â€Å"record. Writing requirements in common law countries date back to an act of the English Parliament in 1677. In 1954, however, the United Kingdom repealed its law. Under CISG Article 11, a contract for the international sale of goods â€Å"need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, includi ng witnesses. â€Å"This is in keeping with a basic concept found in the CISG: that the parties should have flexibility in contracting and as much freedom of contract as possible. The â€Å"Battle of the forms† under the UCC: In the United States the mirror image rule has been modified by statute to deal with modern business practices and to avoid the problems in the preceding examples. Under subsections 1 and 2 of the original UCC 2-207: 1. A written confirmation that is sent within a reasonable time operates as an acceptance even though it states terms additional to or different from those in the purchase order, unless the confirmation â€Å"is expressly made conditional on assent to the additional of different terms. † 2. If both parties are merchants, any additional terms contained in the seller’s confirmation automatically become a part of the contract unless: a. The buyer’s purchase order â€Å"expressly limits acceptance† to the terms in that order; b. The additional terms in the confirmation â€Å"materially alter† the terms of the order; or c. The buyer notifies the seller of an objection to the additional terms within a reasonable time after receiving the confirmation containing the new terms. A careful reading of UCC 2-207 shows that the UCC attempts to uphold the intentions of the parties by keeping the contract in existence where there are only minor differences between the forms used by the parties. The UCC states that, between merchants, an acceptance by a confirmation that contains additional terms that reflect only minor changes from the buyer’s order will be effective to produce a contract, and the minor terms become a part of it (unless the buyer notifies the seller of an objection to the new term). A minor term might be one that is in usual and customary usage in the trade. Adding a provision that calls for an interest penalty for late payment is an example of a minor term (only because such penalties are common in sales contracts). The battle of the forms under the CISG: The CISG rules fall somewhere between the rules set out by the common and civil law and the UCC. In an international sales transaction governed by the CISG, an acceptance containing new terms that do not materially alter the terms of the offer becomes a part of the contract, unless the offeror promptly objects to the change. However, a purported acceptance that contains additional or different terms that do materially alter the terms of the offer would constitute a rejection of the offer and a counteroffer. No contract would arise at all unless the offeror in return accepted all of the terms of the counteroffer. (Recall that under the UCC a contract would arise, albeit without the new terms). Continuing the previous example, no contract would be formed between DownPillow and Federhaus under the CISG, and Federhaus’s new material term would amount to no more than a counteroffer. Unlike the UCC, the CISG states those key elements of a contract that will materially alter a contract: price, payment, quality and quantity of goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party’s liability to the other, and settlement of disputes. This list is so broad that almost any term could conceivably be interpreted as â€Å"material. † Thus, under the CISG, almost any new of different term in the acceptance could constitute a counteroffer. The effect is that many businesspeople may believe that they are â€Å"under contract† when they really are not. Consequently, those businesspeople negotiating an international contract must make certain that all material terms of the contract are understood and agreed upon by the parties.

What do you find interesting about the ways in which love and desire are explored in these three poems Essay Example

What do you find interesting about the ways in which love and desire are explored in these three poems? Essay In The Fair Singer Andrew Marvell describes a girl he has seen but has not necessarily met unlike in his other poem To His Coy Mistress in which he writes to his lover. Throughout the poem Marvell uses surprising imagery as he portrays his love with military metaphors, for example in the first line, To make a final conquest of all me, the word conquest is usually used to describe a battle or an attack. There is an example of military connection in each line of the first stanza. He is trying to show how beauty can be dangerous. The poet then uses personification, Love did compose so sweet an enemy this shows love as his foe and that he does not necessarily want to fall in love, this is also another example of military imagery. Joining themselves in fatal harmony: this is an example of oxymoron, fatal meaning deadly and harmony being peaceful. We will write a custom essay sample on What do you find interesting about the ways in which love and desire are explored in these three poems? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What do you find interesting about the ways in which love and desire are explored in these three poems? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What do you find interesting about the ways in which love and desire are explored in these three poems? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the second stanza Marvell states that he could resist one good quality, I could have fled from one but singly fair: for instance if the woman was only pretty or if she only had a good voice but the combination is deadly for him. Breaking the curled trammels of her hair, Here, Marvell has used the word trammels to describe the womans hair; this is an odd choice of words but it adds to the effect and carries on the trend using military imagery. It is as though he is caught in a net, her hair. The poet then suggests that she is controlling him, like a siren, Whose subtle art invisibly can wreathe My fetters of the very air I breathe? her subtle art is her singing voice and she is astounding him and taking his breath away with her fetters, which literally means chains but here it describes her voice as strong in, once again, a surprising use of imagery. In the final stanza, Marvell shows that he has given up hope and has let his love overcome him. He gives excuses to justify himself falling in love with this woman. He once more tells us that because she has two beautiful qualities, she is irresistible, Where victory might hang in equal choice, But all resistance against her is vain, Here, rather than telling us that love is the trouble as in the last two stanzas, he tells us that she is the problem. In the final line the poet mentions the sun as in the other two poems, She having both the wind and sun. although here the sun represents the womans eyes, instead of actually the sun. Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress is trying to convince his reluctant girlfriend, His Coy Mistress, to love him, It uses a different style than the other poem, although it keeps rhyming couplets: Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. It also uses three separate stanzas like the other two poems but it uses irregular sentence length. The writer uses a metaphysical combination of strong ideals and complex intellectual ideas to bring across his strong feelings. The writer uses three irregular sections using different methods to woo his mistress. The first section starts at Had we but the world on line one and ends at Nor would I love at lower rate. on line 20 and this is his concession. The method employed in this section is sarcastic and humorous. Had we but world enough, or time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. If the poet had an endless amount of time then it would not matter that his girlfriend is reluctant as he could spend forever convincing her to love him. We would sit down, and think which way, To walk, and pass our long loves day. This is exaggerated, creating idyllic and dream-like surroundings making the act of love seem very easy and casual. Marvell uses the typical clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that you can be miles apart but the love for each other keeps them together, Thou by the Indian Ganges side, Shouldst rubies find: I by the tide If he lived forever, he could gaze upon his lovers beauty eternally and spend forever before revealing his love I would Love you ten years before the flood, In the seventeenth century the bible was seen as history, rather than the metaphor people see it as today, it was believed that Noahs Ark was very close to the beginning of time. And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews; This states that he would not complain about waiting to reveal his love and would even wait until the conversion of the Jews which is what people believed to be the end of the world, implying an anti-Semitic view. In this section, Marvell uses numbers of years to imply how long he would wait before he would reveal his love, rather than being rather vague earlier on. Two hundred to adore each breast and But thirty thousand to the rest, showing how he would not care how long hed have to wait to reveal his love because he could spend forever gazing upon his lovers beauty, Nor would I love at lower rate. This use of hyperbole is flattering and is used throughout the first stanza. But at my back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying hear Immediately the mood of first section is reversed and inverted, stating that this is not reality and that death times winged chariot is catching up with them. And that after death, And yonder all before us lie, Deserts of vast eternity. There is nothing, giving an agnostic view that there is no heaven or hell, which would not have been orthodox in the seventeenth century. The next line, Thy beauty shall no more be found, saying that you will be beautiful when alive but when dead no one would be able to see that beauty and that it will have been wasted. On line 26, there is a short pause halfway through the line just after My echoing song which leads on to the second half of the line which uses even greater shocking imagery: then worms shall try That long-preserved virginity, And your greater honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust: Here, the poet writes that after death no one will be able to get to you but the worms as she decomposes and also that her honour in preserving her virginity is going to be worth nothing when shes dead and that, even though, death may be peaceful, The graves a fine and private place, But none, I think do these embrace. no one will be able to love her when shes dead. Through use of penetrating words and displeasing imagery, he is able to shock his lover. In the final section the word therefore is used to make the act of love seem logical and right. Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on my skin like morning dew, this shows that beauty will evaporate and fade away like dew on grass. It also suggests that soul wants to come out through the definition of fresh moist skin. This is further shown in the next lines: And while thy willing soul transpires With every pore with instant fires, Again stating that inside her, her soul is burning for her to lose her virginity and he is the right person to take it from her. The poet then uses imagery to show how he and his coy mistress should not waste time And now, like amorous prey, Rather at once our time devour the writer is stating that they should not wait to make love, but go for it now. The line, Our sweetness up into one ball, defines the ball as a perfect shape showing the perfection of love. It could also be seen as a cannon ball that is trying to break through boundaries, as explained in the penultimate lines, And tear our pleasures like rough strife Through the iron gates of life; shows that he will break through any barriers to get to what they want. This is a striking use of military imagery and is similar to the previous poem, The Fair Singer In the final line, Thus, though we can not make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. once again stating that even though you can not stop time, you can make it race, and commit to love as quickly as possible, in contrast to the way John Donne uses the sun in his poem, as he suggests that the sun does not need to move In his poem, The Sun Rising, Donne places the reader into his altered reality with a talking to for the sun busy old fool, unruly sun that through curtains calls upon him, seizing him from the bliss which no season knows. This bliss, a passionate love, stimulates him to create his own world in which he and his lover are the only important people. In this poem the narrator of the poem has got his woman unlike in the other two poems. He feels that because he is in love time does not apply to them. He suggests, while still talking to the sun, that it should go and wake people that need to be up early, Late schoolboys, and sour prentices, Go tell court huntsmen that the King will ride, He shows that he feels he and his lover are important and that the sun should go and Call country ants to harvest offices; Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. Donne writes that love doesnt know the seasons and that love makes time stand still. He wants the sun to leave him alone. This is a humorous use of personification because the sun is not controlled by anyone, it cannot move anyway. In the time that this poem was written, people had a Ptolemaic view of the universe. It was thought that the sun revolved around the Earth. Donne then begins the next stanza with a joke, Thy beams so reverend and strong why shouldst thou think? The sun does not believe it is more important than anything else, which is what he is suggesting. I could eclipse them and cloud them with a wink, Donne shows how he can out-smart the sun, by closing his eyes; this is meant to be amusing as it has no brain. This then allows him to flatter his lover by saying he wants to see her, But that I would not lose her sight so long: Donne shows his wit again by flipping reality on its head, If her eyes have not blinded thine, in actuality the sun could blind her if she were to look directly at it. Later in the stanza the narrator reworks the view and replaces the earth with the bed that he is laying on, Whether both thIndias of Spice and Myne be where thou leftst them, or lie here with me. Although egotistical, Donne writes that the narrator and his lover are the centre of the universe. At the beginning of the third stanza the narrator says that he and his partner make up the whole world; She is all States, and all Princes, I nothing else is I feel that this is a good analogy because a State without a ruler could not last and a prince without land is incomplete. The speaker then admits that there are other people in the world but still believes that they are unimportant, Princes do but play us; He sees himself and his lover as more important than everyone else, even Princes who need to copy them. He reinforces this point in the next line, All honours mimic; all wealth alchemy. Here the narrator feels that he and his partner are gold and that everything else is some other worthless metal. Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; This bed thy centre is, these walls thy sphere. Donne ends the poem with the narrator suggesting that the sun does not need to move because it only needs to warm the world and his bed is the whole Earth. This contradicts both the start of this poem and the end of To His Coy Mistress. Overall I think that the three poems used strange techniques, only one was addressed to the adored female although horrific and negative images were chosen. I feel that in modern times people have a more pessimistic view of love and less and less people would be willing to write a love poem, which would also be written very differently to these three poems. I think that the most interesting thing I found was that the poems were so odd and yet I also enjoyed how different people and their beliefs were in the seventeenth century.